Renaissance and Middle Ages

Historians call the period we live in upst nontextual matter Times. Modern Times began with the spiritual rebirth, one of the rare periods of genius in the fields history. Beginning in the 14th coulomb and reaching its superlative in the 15th, the conversion was a new age fil direct with infrequent accomplishments meaning rebirth. The conversion refers to the re baring by military personnelists of the writings of the antiquated Greeks and Romans. The individualism of man began in this era, and it was during this period that man began to focus on the unsanctified outlooks of life preferably than hierarchical Christianity, which was the stranglehold of the pith Ages.The ordered, formalistic mediaeval society broke d hold and Europe emerged from the Dark Ages. The Renaissance was a period of discovery in many fields. Advances in science were numerous and contri thated to the growth of the era. Beliefs and theories that were common during the Middle Ages were gradually b eing rejected and scientific investigation during the Renaissance lead to an increased understanding of the inwrought world. along with discoveries in science, the Renaissance proved to be one of the striking ages of delightful mercifulistic discipline, leaving a rich legacy.The art from the Middle Ages was revolutionized in the Renaissance and is one of the most big(a) variances between the two eras. The intellectual energies of the Renaissance, however, came from the publications of many masters. Humanism was emphasized, which contrasted the church driven society of the Middle Ages. Advances and accomplishments in science, fine arts and belles-lettres made the Renaissance a favourable period, which flourished far beyond the achievements of the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, discoveries in science, curiously in astronomy, physics, and embodiment exceeded those of the Middle Ages.Vital to the growth of scientific investigation was a liberal rejection of astrology an d magic, creed that was prevalent in gallant times. The scientists of the Renaissance rejected any sort of magic because observation and experimentation did not incarnate it. Scientists of the Renaissance made many breakthroughs increasing their know directge and understanding of the world. most-valuable inventions were medieval in origin as well. For example, the magnetic compass that tell Renaissance explorers to Asia and the Americas was innovated in the Middle Ages.But it was the humanism that was brought out in the Renaissance, which separates it from the Middle Ages. Equally important to the development of science was humanism, for among the ancient writings that the humanists collected were those that inspired scientific research. Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus challenged the ideas of astronomy and everto a niftyer extent swopd the way Western courtlyization looks at the universe. At Copernicuss birth, Europeans believed that the human race was stationary, at the center of the universe, and all separate heavenly bodies, including the sun, revolved somewhat the earth.Copernicus used observation and mathematical analysis to overturn this concept. After detailed calculations and observations, Copernicus realized that the earth both revolves around the sun and rotates about its own axis. The vastness of Copernicus discovery was not provided that he provided future astronomers with rear he challenged pervious theories on astronomy and the universe. Studying the heavens, however, was very serious as the human eye could all see so much. Italian astronomer Galileo constructed a telescope for observing the galaxy.With this device, he discovered that the abrupt air of the moon was covered with craters, mountains and valleys, and discovered other satellites orbiting the planet Jupiter. The rationality and contend promoted by renaissance researchers would become increasingly important not only to science and to Western thought. Those who came after this period would refine its methods and techniques and open up much more than of the natural world to human understanding, but they would continuously be indebted to the pioneering rifle of these primaeval scientific thinkers.The Renaissance was withal one of the great ages of art. It was an era of esthetical experimentation and discovery led by famous painters and sculptors whose works are perhaps more than any other accomplishments representative of the Renaissance in todays world. The art from the Middle Ages differed tremendously from the Renaissance. During the Middle Ages, the arts had reflected that periods deep interest in religion. Paintings for instance, were either portraits of Christ, the Virgin Mary, the saints or illustrations of scenes from the Bible.In the Renaissance however, art became less spiritual in personality. Much of it dealt with more worldly subjects portraits, of living people, landscapes, and scenes of everyday life. Religious subjec ts did not disappear entirely. roughly of the greatest religious art dates from the Renaissance, such as Leonardo da Vincis 1497 paint the Last Supper, and Michelangelos 1504 sculpture David. Yet, there was a more secular tone to Renaissance art than to medieval art. This artistic shift came in part because the patrons of artists were often nobles nd business and civil leaders rather than, as in the Middle Ages, the church. A present moment difference between Renaissance and medieval art was the supreme importance of architecture during the Middle Ages. To the medieval world, architecture was the most sublime of arts because architects were responsible for the design and building of the great churches and cathedrals of the period. At this time, both painting and sculpture were used almost exclusively to decorate these church buildings.Although architecture remained important in the Renaissance, painting and sculpture were the chief arts. Again this change in emphasis had a great deal to do with the gussy up of the private patron few, like the Catholic Church, could afford to finance a building but any one of whom could pay for a statue. A third difference between medieval and Renaissance art was the latter(prenominal)s emphasis on realism. Renaissance artists tried to represent the human figure as realistically and naturally as possible. To achieve this realism, both painters and sculptors studied anatomy and the world around them.They worked hard to portray their varicoloured or sculpted subjects in authentic detail, for as Italian Leon Battista Alberti instructed in his 1435 Della pittura It will help, when painting living creatures, first to sketch in the bones, for they always occupy a certain determined position. Then add the sinews and muscles, and last clothe the bones and muscles with flesh and skin. As Nature clearly and openly reveals all these proportions, so the earnest painter will find great profit from investigating them in Nature. Becaus e of its close association with the observation of the natural world, this Renaissance realism came to be known as naturalism. Leonardo da Vinci is seen as one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance. Far more than just a painter, he was also an engineer, mathematician, inventor, architect, and issuer. Moreover, he was a scientist, whose interests were in biology, physics, and chemistry. The aim of his studies, particularly those in anatomy, was to make his paintings better. He believed firmly that studying the paintings of others alone would fix only minor work.However, a painter who also studied nature would, in his opinion, produce great art. The art produced in the Renaissance was a rebirth of the classical Greek and Roman works. After centuries of stiff representation, artists began once more to study Nature herself, and to work from the living model. New ideas of grace, harmony, and beauty were elegant into classic works that revolutionized fine art of that period from a taboo to a secular tone. Parallel to the development of fine arts, was an awakening of the human intellect through written works.Innovation and invention were the hallmarks of Renaissance literature. As in art, humanism influenced its literature through both its ideas and its focus on classical writings. A contributing factor to the sp consider of humanism was notion. Until the Renaissance, books were produced by hand. In 1465, the printing press was invented in Germany. Although printing technology had been authentic in China as early as the second century AD, the 15th century printing press was combined with another design moveable metal type. With this invention, came a rise in literacy.Books became available to everyone, importantly speeding up the spread of classical knowledge and humanist ideas. During the Middle Ages, only the clergy and a few others could read, whereas Renaissance readers came from all accessible classes. By the 16th century, about half the population of London could read and write to some degree. One of the most important developments that took place in Renaissance literature was the expanded use in books and poems of such verbiages as Italian, French, and English, rather than Latin.Although Latin remained the international vocabulary of Europe, Renaissance authors increasingly wrote in their homegrown languages. The rise of the earthy made it possible for the in-between classes of Europe to read and write in their own language rather than Latin. many an(prenominal) prominent writers of the time such as Petrarch (1304- 1374), and Dante (1265- 1321) saw the use of the vernacular as a means of passing on classical virtues and knowledge to a far wider audience than was possible with Latin. The scholars Thomas G. Bergin and Jennifer Speake note Petrarchs intent that the classical ideal should permeate every aspect of life led to what has been called the humanism of the vernacular the ennobling not only of the native tongue, b ut also of everyday experience under the influence of classical models. Poets and other writers were generally enthusiastic about the use of the vernacular, feeling that their native languages brought their work alive in a way no ancient, outdated language could. Writers in the Renaissance era began to experiment with new forms of literature.In France, the great pioneer in vernacular writings was the French humanist Francois Rabelais. He not only experimented with writing in French, but he also began a new literary form, the novel. The result was the birth of the French novel, which ridiculed the medieval church and way of thought during the Middle Ages. This new kind of literature contrasts the writings of the medieval times which were mainly church inspired. Most writings were during the Middle Ages were done by Churchmen and most of it was in Latin.Biographies of the lives of the saints were extremely popular. The printing press in the Renaissance led to a rise of literacy in Eu rope therefore the middle class was better educated. The rise of the vernacular also revolutionized literature in the Renaissance, which made it possible for the rising middle class of Europe to read and write in their own language rather than Latin. These breakthroughs in literature separate the Renaissance from medieval times. rising from the Middle Ages, the Renaissance was a new age filled with striking accomplishments.The Dark Ages was a time in which the Church was the center of economic, social and political life while the Renaissance was a period in which human affairs and the advancement of Man were emphasized. Scientific discoveries made by many scholars such as Copernicus and Galileo revolutionized medieval theories on astronomy. If one aspect of Renaissance culture differed noticeably from the Middle Ages, it was art. Artists of this time period strayed from the stiff, religious mold of art to a more realistic approach to art displaying great detail and a variety of em otions. Advances in literature meliorate the Renaissance.Inventions such as the printing press and the development of the vernacular led to the rise of literacy in all social classes, which greatly differs from the Middle Ages where only the clergy and few others could read and write. The Renaissance era crackled with energy, filled with remarkable discoveries and advancements. Many would have agreed with the French physician Jean Fernel, who wrote in the early 1500s The world sailed round, the largest Earths continents, discovered the printing press sowing knowledge, ancient manuscripts rescued, all witness to the triumph of our New Age.