Sunday, March 31, 2019

Impact of House Prices on the UK Economy

Impact of House Prices on the UK providenceWhat happens to mark outlays is perceived as being very primary(prenominal) for the wider UK thrift (at the moment the concern is that they may chance upon frostyly). Consider to what consummation hearthst single prices are important for the UK economy and how the government (or Bank of England) should do to a sharp take place in ingleside prices.IntroductionThe health of the residential property market is seen as a very important factor in the UK economy, and theatre prices have comen dramatically (though stragglingly around the country) mingled with 1996 and 2005. Some analysts argued that this was the result of a bubble in the house market, rather than due to purely economic reasons, while others argued that the rise in prices was a rational reaction to lofty employment, economic perceptual constancy and low interest drifts. The price rises slowed in 2005 and that led some analysts to express a sharp assume in prices. These fears proved unfounded, as renew growth since late 2005 has led most analysts to predict modest price rises in the medium term. However, many analysts remain concerned that housing prices may fall sharply in the near future.This essay forget maiden consider the different ways in which house prices in an economy relate to (and impact on) the performance of that economy more broadly, outlining in accompaniment the specificities of the UK housing market that make its prices especially important to the UK economy. It will then examine the policies the government (or Bank of England) could adopt in response to a sharp fall in house prices, assessing which of these would be the most appropriate. last(a)ly, it will as well as consider some longer term policies which could subordinate house price volatility and the impact of house prices on the wider UK economy.The relationship mingled with house prices and the wider economyThe most obvious way in which house prices a ffect the wider economy is through their impact on household uptake (Cameron 20054) a fall in house prices, for example, makes home owners feel less loaded so they feed to reduce consumption. Furthermore, a fall in house prices also reduces consumption indirectly by making it harder for people to borrow. recognize constraints are increased through two key channels (1) trim back house prices means homeowners have reduced collateral against which they can borrow, barely reducing consumption and (2) lending institutions make losses when housing prices fall, and so they reduce their lending or tighten their lending policies.According to Oswald (19992), an economys immanent rate of unemployment depends on the ease with which its citizens can move around to develop jobs. Fluid societies have efficient economies. High house prices and a relatively small private rental market make it more troublesome for people to move around to find jobs, and thus can give way to unemployment.H ouse prices can also have an indirect effect on the exchange rate, which is a particular concern because it may lead to a crash in house prices. High house prices contribute to high levels of household indebtedness which can be associated with increasing the current enumerate deficit. This, in turn, may suddenly trigger a correction in the exchange rate. If the exchange rate is weakened, a sharp rise in splashiness and interest rates may follow, leading to a sharp fall in house prices.House prices and the UK economyAccording to Cameron (20053), the high level of house ownership in the UK means that households are exposed to a considerable amount of luck (almost half a meg households had their homes repossessed in the 1990s). Not however are house prices more vaporific in the UK than elsewhere in the developed world, the impact of house prices on consumer spending is also especially heavy in the UK according to the OECD, a 1% fall in UK housing riches correlates with a 0.07% fall in consumer spending. The nature of the UK housing market (typically high loan to comfort ratios, few long-term fixed rate mortgages, and easy to re-mortgage) makes house prices particularly volatile and responsive to interest rates. Cameron (20053) explains that a one percentage point rise in the short-term real interest rate would reduce house prices over a five year period by 2.6% in the UK, 1.8% in the US, and 1.3% in Germany.The UK housing market is characterized not only by a high level of home ownership and typically high loan to value mortgage ratios, but also by an insufficient housing provision. Demand consistently outstrips tally and the market is not sufficiently responsive, primarily due to the limited land available for expression and the difficulties in obtaining planning permission for new buildings. Constrained housing supply leads to increasingly unaffordable housing, frustrating the home ownership aspirations of many individuals and families. It also leads to wealth redistribution from those outside the housing market to those inside it. Low housing supply reduces labour mobility, damaging the tractableness and performance of the UK economy and key universe services, and can also translate into wider macroeconomic instability. (HM Treasury 20059)Barker (20043) explains her popular opinion of the importance of the housing market to the UK economy more broadly excitability in the housing market, in the UK, combined with the strong association between house prices and private consumption (reflecting in part high levels of owner occupation) is striking. Consequently, the housing market has contributed to macroeconomic volatility, creating a more difficult surround for businesses and for economic policy makers.Responding to a sharp fall in house pricesIn order to resolve to a sharp fall in house prices, the main tool which the government or central margin has at its disposition is monetary policy. If there is a sharp fall in house p rices, consumption can be expected to strike down (as per the relationship between house prices and consumption outlined in the offshoot section of this essay) and there is a danger that a recession with ensue. In order to pr notwithstandingt this, the Monetary indemnity Committee of the Bank of England should suffice to any much(prenominal) fall by reducing interest rates, even though this may not be compatible with meeting their inflation target. This should help house prices to grow again, thus building up wealth and promoting consumption. Further, it will make credit more accessible which will also encourage consumption.Longer term policiesRather than being forced to respond to a sharp fall in house prices, the British government, or the Bank of England, would be better off developing longer-term strategies to prevent such a sharp fall in the first place that is to say, they should be proactive rather than reactive. Cameron (20054) argues that it may be possible to make th e UK housing market behave more like the US housing market (i.e. to make prices less responsive to interest rates and less volatile) if the piece of long-term fixed-rate mortgages could be increased (even when UK borrowers do take out fixed-rate mortgages, they tend to only fix the rate for three to five years).According to the OECD (20053), the risk of a sharp fall in house prices has been significantly reduced, and this has been achieved by longer term monetary strategies. If a relatively soft arrive in the housing market has indeed been achieved it owes much to the strategy of slack preemptive monetary tightening, in marked contrast to previous episodes when an unmannerly correction in house prices was triggered by sharp interest rate rises. Nevertheless, reforms are needed to make housing supply more plastic to damp future housing market cycles. Furthermore, Miles (200497) argues that in order for monetary policy to be most effective in stabilizing the before long volatile housing market, the UK mortgage facilities also need to be improved, and borrowers should be better informed.ConclusionBecause house ownership levels are high in the UK, and because houses represent most households biggest asset, house prices are particularly important to the UK economy. As it currently functions, the UK housing market is insufficiently flexible to respond to, and reflect, the ineluctably of the economy as a whole. Fortunately a drastic fall in house prices is unlikely in the near future. To prevent one in the medium to long term, the government should consider increasing the flexibility of the housing market. This could be achieved through relaxing planning regulations and adapting the mortgage market.ReferencesBarker, K. (2004) polish of Housing Supply Delivering Stability Securing our Future Housing Needs, Final Report Recommendations (downloaded from http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/053/C7/barker_review_execsum_91.pdf on 26 February 2007)Cameron, G. (2005) The UK Housing Market scotch palingenesis (downloaded from http//hicks.nuff.ox.ac.uk/users/cameron/papers/ukhousingmarket.pdf on 22 February 2007)HM Treasury (2005) Housing Policy An Overview (downloaded from http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/296/69/housing_policy190705.pdf on 26 February 2007)Miles, D. (2004) The UK Mortgage Market Taking a Longer-Term View, HMSO (downloaded from http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/80DDF/miles04_470.pdf on 22 February 2007)Muellbauer, J. Murphy, A. (1997) Booms and Busts in the UK Housing Market, The Economic Journal, Vol. 107, No. 445. (Nov., 1997), pp. 1701-1727OECD (2005) Economic Survey of the United Kingdom, 2005 (downloaded from http//www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/34/35473312.pdf on 24 February 2007)Oswald, A. (1999) The Housing Market and Europes Unemployment A Non-Technical Paper, Warwick University (downloaded from www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/ lag/faculty/oswald/homesnt.pdf on 27 February 2007)Wadhwani, S. (2002) Household Indebted ness, the Exchange Rate and Risks to the UK Economy, Bank of England speech delivered to the Macclesfield Chamber of Commerce on Monday, 25 edge 2002 (downloaded from https//164.109.43.50/publications/speeches/2002/speech166.pdf on 22 February 2007)

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Motorolas Tools And Techniques Of Tqm Information Technology Essay

Motorolas Tools And Techniques Of Tqm Information Technology EssayThis explore piece is made about Motorola Inc. America, and describes how Motorola started its operation like an ordinary firm and reached to the zenith of righteousness by resurrecting and implementing new step control techniques. sixsome Sigma (6) is the runion technique of nonstop puzzle oution program of TQM which was initial highly-developed and utilize by Motorola inc. Further much, it tells about how and why firm ought to adopt the six Sigma (6) techniques for their victory. The entropy integrated in this research is exclusively presented by the serving of various informative sources. Other than focusing the sextette Sigma (6) program the research in any case tells about why and how the organizations continuously strive to capture largest market place sh ar in tight completive environment by using opposite tools of total fictitious character circumspection. Over in all the research embed s the importance of total quality management, its signifi dopece to gain a competitive edge and remarkable breakthroughs in the history of organizations.Motorola is a well cognize Ameri potty multinational telecom companion establish in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is the manufacturer of radio receiver teleph unmatchable handsets, and also designs and sells wireless ne dickensrk infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmitting base stations and signal amplifiers. They have happen upond a high exact of victor throughout the world by being innovative and promoting fictiveness among their employees. This companys prosperity is dependent upon developing cutting edge technology and in new product design. To accomplish these goals, Motorola actively encourages employees to generate creative ideas, scrap conventional thinking, and look towards the future. Motorolas home and broadcast network products include set-top boxes, digital video rec molds, and network equipment emplo y to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television.Motorola uses TQM techniques to be successful and improve employee creativity deep down the organization. Some of these methods include employee empowerment and risk taking, training and education techniques, participative management, and team collaboration. The innovation of TQM technique is one of the fundamental stand of Motorola Inc.Motorolas crinkle and government guests consist mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems utilize to build private networks and earth precaution communications systems like Astro and Dimetra. Motorolas handset division is now focusing on smartphones using Googles open-source Android mobile operating system.Motorola Vision accountOur history is rich. Our future is dynamic. We be Motorola and the spirit of invention is what drives us.Motorola Mission avouchmentWe ar a global communications leader powered by a passion to invent and an unceasing dedicatio n to advance the right smart the world connects. Our communication solutions allow people, businesses and governments to be more connected and more mobile.Motorola SloganHello MotoMotorola has a successfully working TQM deal. Motorolas fundamental bearing is Total Customer Satisfaction. They have won the Baldrige award and ar incorporated leaders in TQM.HISTORYMotorola started in Chicago, Illinois as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928 with its first product being a battery eliminator. The name Motorola was adoptive in 1930, and the word has been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders capital of Minnesota Galvin and Joseph Galvin came up with the name Motorola when the company started manufacturing car radios in 1930 the name is a combination of motor and the suffix ola.Many of Motorolas overlaps have been radio-related, starting with a battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world in 1940, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile phone manufacturing. In 1943, Motorola went public and in 1947, the name changed to its present name. The present logo was introduced in 1955. In 1952, Motorola opened its first international subsidiary in Toronto, Canada to produce radios and televisions. In 1953, Motorola established the Motorola Foundation to support leading universities in the United States.In 1955, years after Motorola started its research and development laboratory in Phoenix, genus Arizona to research new solid-state technology, Motorola introduced the worlds first commercial high-power germanium-based transistor. ancestry in 1958 with Explorer 1, Motorola provided radio equipment for most NASA space-flights for decades including during the 1969 moon landing. In 1960, Motorola introduced the worlds first large-screen (19-inch), transistorized, cordless portable television. In 1963, Motorola, which had very successfully begun making televisions in 1947 introduced the worlds first truly re ctangular color TV picture render which quickly became the industry pattern.In 1974, Motorola sold its television business to the Japan-based stir company of Panasonic.In 1976, Motorola moved to its present headquarters in Schaumburg.In September 1983, the firm made history when the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X telephone, the worlds first-only commercial cellular device. By 1998, cell phones accounted for two-thirds of Motorolas gross revenue. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. Motorola has been the main supplier for the microprocessors used in Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Color Computer, and Apple Macintosh personal computers. The PowerPC family was developed with IBM and in a partnership with Apple (know as the AIM alliance). Motorola also has a diverse line of communication products, including satellite systems, digital cable boxes and modems.In 1986, Motorola invented the sise Sigma (6) quality improvemen t process. This became a global standard, in 1990. In June 2000, Motorola and Cisco supplied the worlds first commercial GPRS cellular network. In 2002 Motorola introduced the worlds first wireless cable modem gateway which combined a high-speed cable modem router with an Ethernet trade and wireless home gateway. In 2003, Motorola introduced the worlds first handset to combine a Linux operating system and Java technology with full PDA functionality.MOTOROLAS sextette SIGMA PROGRAMMotorola invented the sextet Sigma (6) quality improvement process in 1986 and in 1988, Motorola Corp. became one of the first companies to receive the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The award strives to come out thoseexcellent firms that are worthy role models for other businesses. One of Motorolas innovations that attracted a great deal of attention was its sextet Sigma (6) program.Motorola Saved $22 trillion from 1986 to 2009, reflecting hundreds of individual successes in all Motorola bus iness areas including gross sales and MarketingProduct designManufacturingCustomer serviceTransactional processesSupply chain management.To quantitatively measuring stick the performances half-dozen Sigma (6) uses statistical analysis. That process raise involve manufacturing, business practices, products, or service. To be defined as Six Sigma (6) means that the process does non produce more than 3.4 reproachs per million opportunities (DPMO) which translates to 99.9997% competency. A Six Sigma (6) take flight is considered anything that can cause customer dissatisfaction, such as being outside of customer specifications. A Six Sigma (6) opportunity is the total number of chances for a imperfection to occur.Six Sigma (6) ConceptThe Six Sigma (6) conception was developed by Motorola in 1986 with the stated goal of improving manufacturing processes and reducing product defects and renewal.Building on earlier quality improvement methods, Six Sigma (6) assumes the followingO ngoing efforts to acquire stable, predictable process results are essential for business successManufacturing and business processes have characteristics that can be measured, collapsed, improved, and controlledSustained quality improvement requires commitment from the entire organizationSix Sigma (6) ImplementationIn order to achieve Six Sigma (6) performance, the causes of manufacturing and business process defects and variation must be set and eliminated. Two Six Sigma (6) sub-methodologies were developed for this purpose DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify).DMAIC is used to improve lively processes that are below specification DMADV is used to develop new processes or products at Six Sigma (6) levels.Borrowing martial arts terminology, a separate innovation of Six Sigma (6) was the creation of a professional quality management hierarchy. This structure works to involve all levels of the organization in the s uccess of Six Sigma (6) projectsExecutive Leadership includes the CEO and other top managementChampions, drawn from upper management, are responsible for Six Sigma (6) writ of execution across the organizationMaster Black Belts, identified by champions or by executive leadership, function as in-house coaches, mentors, and trainers 100% of their time is dedicate to Six Sigma (6) to ensure business and leadership alignmentBlack Belts focus on the application of Six Sigma (6) methodology to specific projects 100% of their time is devoted to Six Sigma (6)Green Belts are involved with Six Sigma (6) implementation on with other job responsibilitiesLean Sigma is a current industry vogue in which a process is made lean through efficiency improvements before Six Sigma (6) is applied to reduce variation.Six Sigma (6) CalculationIn order to numerate Six Sigma (6), the engineers at Motorola set up a surpass to evaluate the quality of a process based on these defect calculations. At the top of the scale is Six Sigma (6), which equates to 3.4 DPMO, or 99.9997% defect-free. In other words, if you have a process running at Six Sigma (6), youve almost eliminated all defects its nearly perfect. Of course, most processes dont run at Six Sigma (6). They run at Five Sigma, Four Sigma or worse. Heres the full scale to bunk an appreciation of the numbers involved. The calculation of a sigma level is based on the number of defects per million opportunities (DPMO). The formula to calculate DPMO isDPMO =If, for example, there are 38 defects, 10,000 units and one defect opportunity/unit, the results would beDPMO 3,800Defects (%) 0.38Yield (%) 99.62 litigate sigma 4.17Motorola and other software have devices several soft wares that easily calculate sigma of a process or activity.The table given below maps the Sigma and %accuracy.SigmaDefects per billion Opportunities (DPMO)% AccuracyOne Sigma691,50030.85%Two Sigma308,50069.15%Three Sigma66,81093.32%Four Sigma6,21099.38%Five Si gma23399.977%Six Sigma (6)3.499.9997%Seven Sigma0.02099.999998%LSL lower sigma levelUSL upper sigma levelSix Sigma (6) BenefitsAchieving measurable and quantifiable financial goals ( speak to reduction/profit increase) with Six Sigma (6) projects sets this methodology isolated from other quality improvement tactics. Financial benefits of potential process improvement projects are used to help prioritize the projects these benefits are then reassessed during the analyze phase of both DMAIC and DMADV and verified in the control phase of DMAIC and the contain phase of DMADV. Closely linking Six Sigma (6) projects to a companys bottom line gives everyone in the organization a stake in the success of these projects. It also helps rank projects that involve critical-to-quality aspects of the process and will provide substantial process improvement. heaps of organizations continue to improve their performance by taking advantage of their Six Sigma (6) process. Since Motorola implement ed its Six Sigma (6) process in 1987, their results have included Sales growth of great than 300 portion. Employee productivity growth of more than 12.3 share per year. Elimination of more than 99.7 percent of in-process defects. Reduction by 84 percent of costs associated with poor quality. Savings of $11 billion in manufacturing costs.By the late 1990s, approximately two-thirds of Fortune 500 companies had started Six Sigma (6) projects as of 2009, Motorola had describe more than $19 billion in savings as a result of Six Sigma (6).In addition to significant financial gain, Six Sigma (6) provides organizations with the methodology and structure to make decisions based on verifiable data and statistical analysis and thereby to achieve measurable quality improvements in manufacturing and business processes. Six Sigma (6) projects are truly a win-win situation as product quality is greatly improved while product defects and variation are reduced, employees are meaningfully involve d in the outcome of the projects, company profitability is measurably increased, and customer loyalty and satisfaction are significantly enhanced.PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT (PDCA)Motorolas PDCA is a task solving process and consist of a invent to describe and analyze the problem, Do, to develop and implement solutions, Check to evaluate the results, and operation to standardize the solution, capitalizing on opportunities.Demings Plan-Do-Check- venture (PDCA) CyclePlan select and analyze the problemDo implement the solutionCheck check the results of the changeAct act to standardize the solution for the long-termPARETO CHARTThe Pareto chart is a very useful tool which Motorola uses to separate the important from the trivia. The chart, first promoted by Dr. Joseph Juran, is named after Italian economist/sociologist Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923). He had the insight to recognize that in the real world a minority of causes lead to the majority of problems. This is known as the Pareto princ iple. Pick a category, and the Pareto principle will usually hold. For example, Motorola has put that all the kinds of problems that can be named are only about 20% of them who produce 80% of the product defects 80% of the cost associated with the defects will be assignable to only about 20% of the total number of defect references occurring. By Examining the elements of this cost it is revealed that once again 80% of the total defect costs spring from only about 20% of the cost elements. A Pareto chart became very handful for Motorola by the discovery of these ratios and has helped in the ground level of the customers on the bases of imperative problems and opportunities.CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAMSMotorola Cause-And-Effect team typically uses a cause-and-effect diagram to identify and isolate causes of a problem. The technique was developed by the late Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a noted Japanese quality expert, so sometimes the diagram is called an Ishikawa diagram.Motorola has develope d the software of cause-and-effect diagram which tells about how internal or external issuing affects the organizational processes. It is the only tool that is not based on statistics. This chart is simply a means of visualizing how the various factors associated with a process affect the processes output.HISTOGRAMHistograms are used by most of the companies including Motorola to chart frequency of occurrence. How frequently does something happen? Any discussion of histograms must begin with an under rest of the two kinds of data commonly associated with processes attributes and variables data. An attribute is something that the output product of the process any has or does not have. An electronic assembly either had wiring errors or it did not. For Example, in a process used in making Motorola galvanizing resistors would use the scale of electrical resistance in ohms another process might use a weight scale, and so on. Variables data are something that results from measurement. EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENTThe history of Motorola reflects that it has strived to ensure continuous improvement and lasting success by following fundamental principles that emphasize change. One principle is known as leadership of renewal, which stresses the need for change to stay ahead of the advancing technology market. Motorola has tried to create a corporate structure that can anticipate and manage change in order to gain a competitive advantage. A key aspect of accomplishing this is to teach managers and lower level employees to take a proactive approach toward change (Winston).Another standard they adhere to is called renewal of leadership. At Motorola it is important that employees have freedom to take risks and utilize creativity. Therefore, Motorola looks for managers who can inspire and empower subordinates rather than inhibit their creative freedom through rigid authority or control. Their renewal of leadership system uses an intricate 360-degree feedback program for all divi sions of the company. This allows every worker to get opinions about their strengths and areas needing improvement from peers, managers, subordinates, and customers. Motorola also has a structure that encourages the rotation of managers from all levels of the organization. This is done to reenergize managers and ensure that problems will continually be looked at from a fresh perspective (Winston).An essential concept the Motorola Corporation advocates to their employees is to think the unthinkable. The tone here is to think differently and find innovative solutions to any type of problem encountered. To encourage this initiative, Motorola passes power on to their employees to make critical decisions and tells them it is very well to make mistakes. Open to new ideas, devoted to nurturing, and encouraging those who question the oldest assumptions and drive the boldest changesthese are enduring characteristics of Motorola (High Performance Working Research Project).Motorola also enc ourages their employees to depict desired performance through rewards and positive reinforcement. Counter-intuitive thinkingthe thought process of standing against the crowd and challenging conventional wisdomis prized, encouraged, and rewarded. In fact, it is the basis on which Motorolas success is founded (Winston). Motorola is very good about giving their employees a high level of autonomy and encouraging independent thinking. This results in a greater adept of confidence and creative freedom while on the job.In order for workers to consistently apply the values that Motorola preaches, they must be properly motivated. Thus, Motorola offers legion(predicate) extrinsic rewards to employees that can make them feel appreciated and motivate them to be successful. The company provides extensive training each year for all employees, cultivation reimbursement for attending school, sports and recreation facilities, and promotions based on achievement rather than advance (Inside Motor ola Benefits). These incentives, along with competitive salaries, can help workers feel a greater sense of commitment and purpose for their jobs. It is also common for people to be more productive and creative when they are valued and feel snug in their surroundings. The preceding examples illustrate why so many employees control Motorola as a first class organization and are loving about their careers.BENCHMARKINGBenchmarking is often applied to such business practices as payroll, payables, customer billing, receivables, information technology, purchasing, and inventory management. Despite the various definitions of benchmarking, the goal is always the same(p) to identify best practices. The benchmarking allowed Motorola to climb the learning curve quickly by benefiting from the experience of other companies. According to Greg Hackett, founder and president of The Hackett Group,you get to purloin the learning curve of others.iUltimately, benchmarking results in more efficient p rocesses which, in turn, can generate substantial cost savings. According to Mark Krueger, managing director of AnswerThink Consulting, cost reductions can range from 15% to 45%.The basic premise screwing benchmarking is that to deliver quality, you need to compare your business against the best in class business and then make changes to your operation so that quality is enhanced.Benchmarking is the process of determining who is the very best, who sets the standard, and what that standard is.JUST-IN-TIME (JIT)Just-in-Time is method of fast response to customers used my Motorola. The Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is, to a large extent, based upon a system of total quality management, as well as strong furiousness upon training and pastime of workers in all phases of manufacturing in Motorolas workshops. JIT is particularly conducive for some areas of manufacturing and operable for other manufacturing control systems too. JIT utilizes a full involvement and method of manufactur ing, accent such aspects as order to delivery, eliminating waste, enforcing problem-solving and continuous improvement, total quality management, jibe processing, purchasing, and others. The essential philosophy behind JIT manufacturing has largely to do with competitive effectiveness.TAGUCHI CONCEPTSPioneered by Dr. Genichi Taguchi whose fundamental thinking was to develop products that hold up to adverse conditions (i.e, Motorola telephones are designed to be dropped because this commonly happens). Motorola apples this quality principle to service, they know that they should architectural plan for the worst when designing our service. When the adverse condition occurs, they should maintain the quality in service.CONCLUSIONTQM is frequently touted as the necessary next step in the evolution of modern business management. In theory, it is often hard to bespeak with the logic of the quality focus advocated by the TQM approach. Unfortunately, TQM initiatives often fail when implem entation begins. The failure of TQM is largely due to the fact that all the philosophical, strategic, and measurement balances of the TQM concept are not adequately addressed. These three dimensions of TQM should be stressed at different levels of the management hierarchy to varying degrees. The responsibility for establishing the philosophical dimension of TQM falls mostly on top management so that the emphasis of quality can be fully integrated into an organizations missions. The essential elements of TQM are then incorporated into strategic decisions for various functions of the organization. Functional management teams within the same organization should be allowed to define quality that is most beguile for their functional areas. Based on the specific functional, working definitions of quality, it is possible to develop a comprehensive quality measurement system capable of capturing the spanking information relating to quality. Data can then be analyzed and aggregated when reported to the upper level management for decision making and continuous improvement.

Que He Hecho Yo Para Merecer Esto Film Studies Essay

Que He Hecho Yo Para Merecer Esto Film Studies EssayHer only com junkions argon her family appliances. Theyre the sole witnesses to her pain, her solitude and her anxieties. Theyre also the only witnesses of the murder she commits. set absent on this comment from Almod volt-amperes inter go out with Strauss explaining the full significance of this education to the impression of Gloria in Qu he hecho yo para merecer esto (1984).In Qu he hecho yo para merecer esto, the digesthold appliances be, as Almodvar states, Glorias companions. They are also, quite simply, the bane of her existence. They stand for the changeless amount of housework indoors which she is constantly immersed, the deterioration in the affinitys she shares with her married man and children, and the modern lifestyle that has failed to deliver its lucrative promises. This duality that the crime syndicate appliances precede for Gloria go out be explored in the ensuing essay.The first time the knock start s ees Gloria in connection with her household appliances is when she fills her process form with clothes. The adjoining operate liaison between housewife and appliance is seen when she puts a pan into the oven. In both instances the camera is positioned so as to show the appliances, in effect, winning the headspring of view and looking digest at her. Almodvar explains this picking of camera angle I framed the shots from within these domestic appliances because I wanted to tell the story from the perspective of the objects that were a part of her day by day life. Indeed, the subjective shots from inside the household appliances nominate Gloria is being observed by the objects.More everyplace, the camera frames Glorias face in a close-up for several seconds at a time a view which is rarely seen byout the entire charge and it is in these instances that the viewer can properly see Glorias wrinkles, her frowning lips, her heart bags. All this infers that it is only the applia nces that are able to comprehend her pain, her solitude, and her anxieties, whereas her husband, or anyone else for that matter, could not care less. Her only companions are indeed her household appliances.On the other(a) hand, the viewer could deduce the opposite at the same time by analysing this same mise-en-scne. These sequences feature an unconventional reverse-angle shot amidst a conventional kitchen panorama only the reverse shot is shown we do not see Glorias point of view that one would normally expect of the washing machine as she loads it with clothes. While this non-naturalistic use of the reverse-angle shot is startling as it creates a distancing effect for the viewer, it is not entirely unfamiliar, since TV commercials for clothes washers and fried-chicken recipes long ago appropriated this particular editing figure (DLugo, Pedro Almodovar, p. 40). Almodvar explains in his interview with Philippe Rouyer and Claudine Vi, I wanted to show the flip side of all these ad s that unceasingly tout the happiness brought by domestic appliances but never the misfortune that envelops the housekeeper, the lack of pleasure that these appliances bring. (Willoquet-Maricondi, Pedro Almodvar Interviews, p. 75) Almodvar indeed succeeds in demonstrating this fantasy since there is no sense of happiness in Glorias look as she puts in the laundry the quotidian, routine nature of loading the washing machine can be clearly perceived here in her immaterial expression. In the ads of yesteryear however, the housewife using the washing machine would gravel a bright in like mannerthy smile plastered onto her face, as if to suggest that she could not be happier doing anything else since the machine has made her life so easy.In particular, this spoof of old commercials seen in these sequences sets the genre of the entire necessitate itself. notwithstanding its eclecticism and resultant hybrid nature, Qu he hecho suggests in general a satire of a sitcom about a beleag uered housewife. Its frenzied pace makes the shoot run hastily, and the close-quarters framing, where the viewer is shown the constant movement of actors in and out of the frame, recreates the look of the tele plenty screen. As Marcia Pally writes, Qu he hecho plays directly off the traditions of daytime TV without quoting any particular sitcom or whip (Willoquet-Maricondi, Pedro Almodvar Interviews, p. 86).These appliances definitely do not in any path make her life any easier the chicken that she had put into the oven for dinner becomes burnt, make her husband to curse at her. It is so she who eats the burned move this effectively being an example of how it is the housewife who sacrifices herself for her family. In this respect, it can be deduced that the household appliances do more harm than good to her.In this last mentioned scene, the oven undoubtedly manifests itself as a contributing source of tension and conflict between the married couple. Moreover, after the sho t from within the washing machine, she impatiently shoos away her son Toni from the kitchen when he comes to ask her help with his planetary housework. In the next shot, the viewer sees Toni walk into the living room and it his grandmother who asks him how his homework is glide path along, and offers to lend him a hand. True, she gives him all the wrong the answers, but that is beside the point Toni and his grandmother spend a lot of time together, discussing their future plans when they go rear end to their pueblo, walking in the streets and the park, going to the cinema, etc. To this end, in terms of film editing, the contrast between the births between Toni and Gloria, and Toni and his abuela, are especially emphasised callable to the juxtaposition of these two scenes.Gloria has been far too busy doing her housework to see her sons grow up over the years. This is demonstrated near the end of the film when Toni hands her some of his savings. She tells him, Hijo qu poco te c onozco she obviously has been unaware of what he does and where he goes mundane. When the bus pulls away, we are shown a mid-shot of Gloria for more than 45 seconds as she walks dorsum home. The length and type of shot allows us to fully comprehend Glorias nervus facialis expressions which is markedly chock full of emotion tearful and distressed, it appears that it has just dawned upon her what she has lose all these years being a housewife, and now it appears to be too late as both sons have left. It could be thusly say that her only companions are her household appliances by virtue of the very fact that her household appliances are her companions The fact that she is addicted to amphetamines such as washing detergent could not convey any clearer this point that she has an unhealthy relationship with her household appliances just like any drug addiction, it spells the deterioration of her relationship with her family.To Almodvar, the sequences which are reminiscent of commerci als also have another implication denote is the only medium which makes these objects alive and even out endows them with personalities. There are a huge number of commercials in which the main character is a yoghurt carton, directed as if it were a real character, lit by the cinematographer as if it were a genuine star. Im very interested by this construction of advertising. The value it gives to objects and the way it turns them into characters. Indeed, the fact that the viewer sees Gloria, the subject of the shot, from the point of view of the washing machine and the oven makes it appear as if the household appliances are self-directed beings who have some sort of command and higher authority over Gloria, bidding her to live her life around opening this door, filling that compartment with detergent, displace this button, turning that knob, and so on. These shots are disturbing and slightly alarming when seen in this light, but this is certainly the underlying reason why Glo ria is so downtrodden by her career as a housewife, slowly crumbling under the weight of the travails that everyday life dictates.On a deeper level still, these household appliances, independent of their commercial-like representation in the film, are a constant reminder of this modern received of living in which Gloria and her family inhabit. This mise-en-scne reflects the migration motif of the narrative. The plot and mise-en-scne of Qu he hecho is reminiscent of a specifically Spanish tradition of black comedies from the fifties and early sixties such as Jos Antonio Nieves Condes Surcos. Indeed, it is a film which Almodvar himself acknowledges as one of the cinematic inspirations for Qu he hecho. Grounded in the socioeconomic conditions of the period, these films focused on the plight of urban dwellers. They struggled to survive in a metropolis that was unable to provide jobs and housing to a population swollen by recent arrives from the economically even more desperate provi nces in search of the guiderist culture that had been the promise of Francos economic policies (DLugo, Pedro Almdovar, p. 41). Contrary to Almodvars often-cited declarations about make films as if Franco never existed, Qu he hecho depicts a world created by the urban non-planning of the Franco years, growing out of a policy that actively sought by passive neglect of urban social services to discourage in-migration to the corrupt cities (Carr and Fusi, The Rural Exodus in Spain Dictatorship to Democracy, pp. 66-70). Like the characters from those quite films, both Gloria and her husband have come from the pueblo, the pueblo to which her mother-in-law and older son Toni will return at the end of the film. The post-Franco city has failed them, as it fails Gloria, despite their ostensibly with child(p)er material well-being in a world of timesaving home appliances, the consumer paradise of contemporary Spain. As Almodvar succinctly puts it in his succinct of the film, Gloria woul d like to become a member of the consumer society, but only manages to consume herself, day by day.Nevertheless, as Almodvar states in the quote in the question above, the only witnesses to her murder are not beings but her refrigerator and gas stove. The only other witness, the lizard, is killed. Obviously due to their inanimate nature, they cannot hear the truth to the policemen, but because they do not, thus seems to suggest that they sympathise and even tacitly approve of the murder of her brutish husband. In this regard, the household appliances are indeed her companions, and perhaps passive accomplices in the crime.The characterisation of Gloria is also conveyed through the use of still camera shots. Almodvar acknowledges that although this technique was determined rather by the restricted nature of the sets, the tripod was perfect for the film it added a great deal of tension. Generally, tracking shots tend to soften the action while the tripod hardens it. I wanted to stay i nside the house because it was Glorias only universe. Hence it is the house that is the setting for much of the film as if the house, and everything within it, were a mavin itself. This inevitably connects the household with Gloria, as if they were on equal footing, and thus reinforcing Almodvars statement that her only companions are her household appliances. Moreover, this tension that the use of the tripod brings for the viewer serves to escalate the sense of anxiety and stress that Gloria the housewife undergoes perpetually as she exists within her universe.In the attempted suicide scene, on the other hand, Almodvar uses approximately a long tracking shot. He starts with a shot of Gloria and then moves to an elaborate tracking shot, with the camera surveying her entire field of vision before returning to her. I really wanted to use an schoolmaster shot. The effect if pretty deep, it renders what is most intimate in a humane being. I wanted to show that the moment she becom es free, free from any obligation, she comes back home and finds it so neat and ordered that she feels terrible, because theres nix for her to do. Her life has no meaning. She worked for her family her entire life, never taking time to do something for herself, to have hopes. She feels the vacuum created by everybodys departure, a huge abyss opens under her (Willoquet-Maricondi, Pedro Almodvar Interviews, p. 75). This 360-degree pan from her point of view registers the emptiness of the home. It appears that Glorias entire life has been about nothing but cooking and cleaning and serving her family. The film starts with Gloria as a housewife and thus, as far as the viewer is concerned, she might as well have been a housewife forever prior to that. It follows thus that when there is no longer a need to use her household appliances to serve her family, she has lost her raison detre. This is indeed what leads her to want to commit suicide at the end of the film.It must be obvious after this discussion that when Almodvar describes the household appliances as Glorias companions, he does not mean to suggest that they are her friends. Although they are the only entities that pay her any attention whatsoever, she is enslaved to them, and this is clearly damaging to her relationships with her husband and children. Moreover, the household appliances represent the modern way of living for Gloria and her family, and as such reveal the lack of fundamental change despite the interpose years of the so-called economic miracle and the end of Francoism.

Friday, March 29, 2019

Caring for a Child or Young Person with Severe Illness

Caring for a tiddler or Young Person with Severe IllnessIntroductionThis assignment allow smooth on and critically get hold of an accomp whatevering from a clinical setting whilst rebelment a model of reflection. This testament allow me to go and make sense of the incident and draw conclusions relating to personal learning out puzzles. The incident lead be described and analysed, followed by the move of reflection teaching Driscolls Reflective Model (2000) as it facilitates critical thinking and in-depth reflection which give help me to accumulate learning objectives for the future. To comply with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015) ordinance of Conduct, confidentiality will be maintained therefore the individual will be tell apartn throughout as Ben.Reflection is defined as a process of explaining and expressing from our own experiences and helps to develop and purify our skills and friendship towards becoming pro practiti unrivaledrs (Jasper, 2003). I have chosen to use the Driscolls Reflective Model (2000) as a guidance as it is straightforward and encourages a clear description of the situation which will allow me to look at the experience and delineate how it made me feel, asking what was good and bad, and what I atomic number 50 learn (Sellman and Snelling 2010). Wolverson (2000) complicates this as an consequential process for all obliges assisting to improve their practice.What? Ben was born prematurely pursuit an emergency caes bean section, whereby he received prolonged resuscitation and suffered grim hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). According to Boxwell (2010), sisters with severe encephalopathy have a 75% risk of dying with coma persisting, or progressing to brain death by 72 hours of invigoration. on that point was a realisation that continuing treatment may be causing Ben harm in that it was unlikely to recuperate his wellness or relieve suffering. Boxwell (2010) further states that survivors of HIE carry an al roughly authentic risk of poor neurological outcome. It is these magazines when consideration must be given to withholding and/or withdrawing treatment, subsequently re-orientating treatment to compassionate fright. I was informed by my teach that there would be a multi-disciplinary team up (MDT) opposition to discuss and justify the finding to withdraw treatment.I was invited into the MDT meeting by my mentor to some(prenominal) witness and actively participate in the discussion if I felt confident enough. The MDT consisted of two pediatricians, a paediatric registrar, the neonatal sister, and myself, a paediatric student nurse. The royal College of Paediatrics and youngster Health (RCPCH) (2004) suggest that all members of the health fear team gather up to feel part of the decision-making process in that their views should be listened to. At the time, I was hesitant to contri savee due to my knowledge, understanding and experience surrounding the clin ical and honour adequate to(p) matter. However, I was re certain that greater openness between disciplines will facilitate better understanding of individual roles and evoke the sense of duty (RCPCH, 2004).We considered what was legally permitted and required, but also at what was ethically appropriate. In considering tincture of life (QOL) determinations, it was important to refer back to the ethical foundation touch with surrogate decision making, which is the standard of best interest. Some professionals argued that Ben had no preliminary QOL on which to base a judgment. The barbarianren Act (1989) deliver the goodss an overall statutory mannikin for the grooming of fryrens welfare and services but makes no specific provision concerning withholding or withdrawing treatment (RCPCH, 2004). It does however state that the welfare of the child is paramount which is further supported by The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the nestling (1989). Article 3 under this legislation states that actions affecting children must have their best interests as a primary consideration (RCPCH, 2004).The NMC (2015) role model governs the maintenance of standards of practice and professional conduct in the interests of long-sufferings, acting as a guide to ethical practice within treat. The principle of non-maleficence is sensation of the hallmark principles of ethics in health care which prohibits healthcare professionals from doing any action that will result harm to the affected role. Also paramount, is the goal to restore health and relieve suffering, promoting good or beneficence. In the principle of beneficence, nurses are obliged to protect, prevent harm and maintain the best interest for patients (Beauchamp Childress, 2001). Those manifold needed to be condent in their ability to understand the ethical dilemmas they faced, and had to ensure they were aware of the underlying ethical principles to support their voice to the discussion.The decisio n to withdraw life sustaining treatment should be made with the parents on the basis of knowledge and trust, but ultimately, the clinical team carries the responsibility for decision making, as an expression of their moral and legal duties as health care professionals. It is not uncommon for parents to feel indecisiveness, shame or guilt or so the decision to palliate their neonate, particularly when the outcome of the neonates condition is uncertain (Reid et al, 2011). However, the final exam decision to withdraw intensive care was made with the consent from both parents, and this was clearly recorded in his clinical notes, together with a pen account of the process and factors leading to the decision.So What? Parents impending the loss of their infant experience a complex emotional reaction to their situation, typically one of anticipatory heartbreak, shock and confusion (Gardner and Dic attain, 2011). They may also experience feelings of ambiguous loss, related not only to the imminent loss of their child but also to a loss of their expectations, aspirations and role as parents (Gardner and Dickey, 2011). Parents are underlying in the decision-making processes around neonatal palliation and as it is they who will be the most significantly affected by these decisions (Branchett and Stretton, 2012), neonatal EOL care places a particular focus on feel for for parents. Developing a flexible, guileless and family-centred care plan is essential, and so that their preferences are met, parents should take a key role in this process (Williamson et al, 2008). Spence (2011) recommends that a holistic approach is interpreted to clarify the familys wishes, desires and needs in order to effectively advocate for infants.Whilst most parents wish to be involved in decisions and planning around EOL care for their baby, some may find this responsibility overwhelming (Williams et al, 2008). Despite this, we open(a) the parents to a range of options which they synthesise d in order to make the best decisions for their family. However, it was important for the neonatal nurse and I to realise that highly emotive situations can often cause significant deficits in parents ability to comprehend and process such information (Williams et al, 2008). As competent nurses, it is our responsibility to provide nurse care that advocates for our patients rights in life and death, showing respect and dignity towards them and the family. We advocated for Ben by protecting his rights, being attentive to his needs, ensuring comfort and protection, and by participating in the ethical discussion to ensure a collaborative perspective of ethical negotiation (Spence, 2011).The National Association of Neonatal Nurses (2015) suggests that mitigative care should include comfort measures, such as kangaroo care, an ongoing assessment of pain using an appropriate pain assessment tool and written care plans to get by discomfort, pain and other di emphasizeing symptoms such as seizures using the to the lowest degree invasive effective route of administration. As the parents wished to be present at time of death, the neonatal nurse prepared the family for what they would observe as critical treatment was dis go ond. This included informing them of gasping and other noises, colour changes, and stating that Ben may continue to breathe and have a heart rate for minutes or hours. This is an fundamental aspect of mitigatory care, and provides the family with the opportunity to ask questions. However, a study conducted by Ahern (2013) stated that nurses often express anxieties surrounding how to support agnatic grief and how to prepare them for the imminent death of their infant. Parental preferences were also assessed, including whom they wish present, whether they want to hold the infant, and whether they wished to participate in any rituals or memory-making activities.Although my mentor took the lead role in planning the infants EOL care, my contribution focused on memory-making activities. Although this is often nurse initiated, making memories is increasingly appreciate as an maintenance in parental coping and grieving (Schott, Henley and Kohner, 2007). However, McGuinness, Coughlan and Power (2014) reported that quite an than physical discoversakes, parents and families instead appreciated other actions and gestures that demonstrated respect for their needs, including having time alone with the infant and being encouraged and supported to provide care to their baby. I asked the parents if they would like photos to be taken, and although parents declined photography, I beared to take some to keep in the medical records in case they decided they would like them at a later date which they appreciated (Mancini et al, 2014). Despite this, the parents were acceptant of the offer to keep items that were related to Bens care, including his wristband, blankets and hat.Throughout planning Bens EOL care, the effectiveness of the therap eutic affinity in meeting the familys needs was achieved by showing empathy, and by doing so I obtained the individuals trust, and respect. Carl Rogers (1961) has influenced the shift from a task- to a person-centred and holistic view of breast feeding care, with the adoption of Rogers core conditions (Bach and Grant, 2005). Rogers identified unconditional positive regard, genuineness and empathy as necessary conditions for helping someone change effectively through a good therapeutic relationship. This was achieved through both proficient nursing knowledge and utilising interpersonal communication skills. According to Jones (2007), there is little research in nursing literature that discusses interpersonal skills, particularly in nursing education. There is also a critique that nursing education is often aloof from the realities that students experience during their clinical practice (Bach and Grant, 2005). I felt confident and assured that my interpersonal skills would bring pos itivity throughout a very surd time, helping them through the grieving process. I acknowledged that both parents appreciated my forward-thinking and empathy towards the current situation. Being empathetic during this situation required my ability to be understanding not only of the parents beliefs, values and ideas but also the moment that their situation had for them and their associated feelings (Greenberg, 2007).Egan (2010) identies certain non-verbal skills summarised in the acronym SOLER that can help the nurse to create the therapeutic space. I did this by sitting facing the family squarely, at a slight angle adopting an open posture leaning slightly forward maintaining good eye contact, without staring and presenting a relaxed open posture. To enhance the communication through these skills, I used active- sense of hearing skills to ensure a productive interaction through techniques that facilitated the discussion. I did this by using sounds of encouragement, demonstrating that I was listening and assimilating the information provided by the parents. This was also done by summarising, paraphrasing and reflecting on the feelings and statements. Effective use of reective skills can facilitate exploration, build trust, and spend acceptance and understanding to the individual (Balzer-Riley, 2004). Geldard and Geldard (2005) state that it is often the paralinguistic elements of speech sort of than what is actually said that betray true feelings and emotions.Now What?As EOL approached, Ben was extubated on the neonatal unit and transferred to the bereavement suite whereby my mentor continued to provide one-to-one care. I was not present throughout the final alleviator care phase as I wanted to respect the familys privacy. At this point, I held emotions of helplessness, sadness and anxiety, therefore I took some time to reflect on what had happened. It is important that nurses recognise and confront their own feelings toward death so that they can assist patients and families in EOL issues (Dickinson, 2007).Nurses often experience sadness and grief when dealing with the deaths of patients, and without any support, can suffer distress (Hanna and Romana, 2007). Debriefing is a beneficial intervention designed to help nurses to explore and process their experiences. Irving and presbyopic (2001) suggest that debriefing demonstrates a significant reduction in stress and greater use of coping strategies through discussion in a reminiscent fashion to let their feelings out. Through reflection, I have come to the realisation and understanding that patient death is an integral part of nursing practice in palliative care settings. I have recognised that support from all members of the MDT have positive implications for nursing students coping with stressors associated with patient death.Furthermore, the experience helped me learn the importance of both verbal and non-verbal communication. As an be later nurse, I have to continuously impro ve my communication skills because I shall be interacting with more varied patients in the future. I have also been able to utilise my knowledge of ethical principles in relation to withdrawing treatment, thereby integrate theory into practice.ConclusionTo conclude, the care that patients receive has the direct potential to improve through reflective practice. Becoming a reflective practitioner will help me to focus upon knowledge, skill and behaviours that I will need to develop for effective clinical practice. Reflection helps to make sense of complicated and unvoiced situations, a medium to learn from experiences and therefore improve performance and patient care.Reference ListAhern, K. (2013) What neonatal intensive care nurses need to know about neonatal palliative care. Advanced Journal of Neonatal share. 13(2), pp. 108-14Bach, S. and Grant, A. (2005) communicating and Interpersonal Skills for Nurses. Exeter Learning MattersBalzer-Riley, J. (2004) Communication in Nursing. Mosby, MO Mosby/Elsevier.Boxwell, G. (2010) Neonatal intense Care Nursing. 2nd Edition. New York RoutledgeBranchett, K. and Stretton, J. (2012), Neonatal palliative and end of life care What parents want from professionals, Journal of Neonatal Nursing. 18(2), pp. 40-44.Dickenson, G. E. (2007). End of life and palliative care issues in medical and nursing schools. Death Studies, 31, pp. 713-726.Driscoll, J. (2000) Practising Clinical Supervision. capital of the United Kingdom Balliere TindallEgan, G. (2010) The Skilled Helper A problem management and opportunity development approah to helping.9th edition. Pacific Grove, CA Brooks/Cole.Geldard, D. and Geldard, K. (2005) Practical Counselling Skills An Integrative Approach. Basingstoke Palgrave MacmillanGreenberg, L.S. (2002) Emotion-focused therapy coach clients to work through feelings Washington, D.C American Psychological AssociationHanna, D.R. and Romana, M. (2007). Debriefing after a crisis. Nursing Management. 8, pp. 39-47.Irv ing, P. and Long, A. (2001). Critical incident stress debriefing following traumatic life experiences. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 8, pp. 307-314.Jasper M (2003). Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham Nelson ThornesMancini, A., Uthaya, S., Beardsley, C., Wood, D. and Modi, N (2014) Practical guidance for the management of palliative care on neonatal unit. London Royal College of Paediatrics and Child HealthMcGuniess, D., Coughlan, B. and Power, S. (2014) Empty arms supporting bereaved mothers during the immediate postpartum period. British Journal of Midwifery. 22(4), pp. 146-52.National Association of Neonatal Nurses (2015) alleviant and End-of-life Care for Newborns and Infants. Chicago National Association of Neonatal NursesNursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2015). The polity professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. London NMCReid, S., Bredemeyer, S., van den Berg, C., Cresp, T., Martin, T., Miara, N., Coombs, S., Hea ton, M., Pussell, K., and Wooderson, S. (2011) Palliative care in the neonatal nursery. Neonatal, Paediatric Child Health Nursing. 14(2), pp. 2-8Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2004) Withholding or Withdrawing Life Sustaining handling in Children A Framework for Practice. London Royal College of Paediatrics and Child HealthSchott, J., Henley, A. and Kohner, N. (2007) Pregnancy loss and the death of a baby guidelines for professionals. tertiary Edition. London SANDSSellman, D. and Snelling, P.C. (2010) Becoming a nurse A textual matter for professional practice. Harlow Pearson EducationSpence, K. (2011) Ethical advocacy based on caring A model for neonatal and paediatric nurses. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 47, pp. 642-645Williams, C., Munson, D., Zupancic, J. and Kirpalani, H. (2008) Supporting bereaved parents Practical steps in providing compassionate perinatal and neonatal end-of-life care. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 13(5), pp. 335-340. Wolverson, M. (2000). On reflection. Professional Practice. 3(2), pp. 31-34

Overcrowding in 19th Century Britain

Overcrowding in nineteenth snow BritainThe Problem of Overcrowding in 19th Century Urban BritainDuring the nineteenth century urban populations grew at an extremely prodigal rate as industrial growth drew people into the cities in the search for employment. This rapid growth caused a great deal of anxiety amongst straight-laced politicians and governance regarding law and distinguish, but they were at first unaw ar of the remote greater danger which was the paltry sanitation caused by the flying create of back-to-back housing created to accommodate this population growth. The main points I will be addressing in this essay will be a) how far the growth of population was the main cause of bad health caused by overcrowding, and b) how the government dealt with such health problems and how far they were successful. I have elect this particular field of operations because it can be argued that it was the main problem of urban living in the nineteenth century, and other probl ems such as pollution, cholera let divulgebreaks or infant mortality rate could be said to be caused or exacerbated by such overcrowding.By the time of the 1851 census, and for the first time in the nations history, more people were living in urban atomic number 18as than they were in rural areas. Between each census from 1841 to 1881, the population of urban areas grew by an average of 25% and by 1881 the urban population was 70.2% of the pith population of England and Wales.1 In Manchester, the city where the cotton industry caused massive urban growth, the population had increased six times within sixty days by 1831.2In beau monde to cope with such rime building of houses was undertaken as quickly as possible, often in small areas of land, which meant that in poorer areas houses were built back-to-back in high density in order to accommodate as m either people as possible. In order to save space, they were built without gardens, around dark courtyards with communal privi es at the bar of each street. Some buildings in Edinburgh had more than ten storeys, which meant that people had to throw water up m whatsoever stairs and often didnt bother. In Manchester, the large numbers of Irish immigrants created pockets of poverty-stricken communities living amongst the factories and smoke where several(prenominal) families might be living under one roof or even in the pestilential atmosphere of one room.3 In London, in the period before the underground railway, when people so far needed to be able to walk to work, building programs took place close to the city areas without any planning from central sources. Thus areas such as Bethnal Green and Whitechapel suffered from unrefined overcrowding, and in Covent Garden, older buildings were converted into tenements and cellars to provide for the poor settlers who swept into the metropolis, specially in the area known as The Rookeries where refugees from the Irish famine had settlight-emitting diode. In 184 7 Dickens described the disorderly crop of beginnings of mean houses, rising out of the rubbish, as if they had been unskilfully sown thither.4Edwin Chadwicks Report on the Sanitary circumstance of the Labouring Classes, commissioned by the government to investigate sanitation in 1842 was undertaken through a system of interviews and visits carried out by Poor law of nature medical officers and commissioners. Its evidence revealed how many families lived in cellars, often several families at the same time, which were subject to flooding. In one example in Manchester, 40 people were discovered to be living in one cellar. Furthermore, unscrupulous owners of lodging houses, taking advantage of the need for housing, would put lodgers up in poorly furnished, badly ventilated and overcrowded rooms.5Chadwicks report revealed that mortality grade in urban areas were much higher than in rural areas, particularly amongst the poorer classes. In fact, the average age of death for labourers i n districts such as Liverpool and Manchester was around 15 during the period 1839-40, indicating an extremely high infant mortality rate. Chadwick himself attributed these figures to squalid and overcrowded living conditions, although badly ventilated workings areas and long working hours were also a contributory factor.6 Chadwicks report did raise awareness, to that extent many people, in particular the Conservative Party, did non support his recommendations, and the thrust group set up in 1844, the Health of Towns Association, found rattling little was creation done in towns and cities to counteract the effects of poor sanitation. The attitude of laissez-faire was strong, and many authorities were opposed to sanitary mend for economic reasons.The evidence shown by Chadwick would seem to show an obvious correlation between overcrowding and poor health. However, the association between dirt and disease was non yet fully tacit at this time. Outbreaks of cholera in the 1840s and 50s were the subject of much debate over its managely causes and truly little was understood about how the disease was spread. It was noted, however, that the worst cases of cholera seemed to prevail in areas of towns where there was very poor sewerage or drain, and Dr John Snow tested to demonstrate through scientific experiment that disease was water-borne. However, Snow met with grand opposition within the medical profession, and it was not until 1883 that his theory was turn out. Thus, although people like Snow and Chadwick tried to encourage cleanliness amongst the working classes, very little potent work was done by the authorities.Chadwick did not suggest curative methods in his report. He declared engineers were needed for the task at hand not the medical profession7 He was more concerned with preventative measures, ensuring towns had fixing supplies of clean water, and that houses had adequate drainage into proper sewers. However, this is not to say that medici ne did not ferment a role in the developments that eventually led to improvements in town and city health. Medicine did in fact play a very important role in the improvements in housing.At the beginning of the century very little was known about the causes of disease, and doctors had very little equipment with which to carry out research. Surgery was extremely primitive and carried out in what we now know as unhygienic conditions. It was not until 1865 that Louis Pasteur proved his germ theory that these micro-organisms could cause decay and disease. Robert Koch built on Pasteurs work by showing that different types of germs caused specific illnesses, and that the answer to solidifying disease was to destroy the specific germ. It was Koch who, in 1883, identified the germ that caused cholera. From Pasteur and Kochs work, vaccines began to be developed in the 1880s.8It was due to these discoveries, and the work of Dr. John Snow, that the authorities finally realised that it was nec essary to make radical changes in the drainage and water systems in towns and cities. In 1866, the year after Pasteur had made proved his germ theory, the Sanitary Act was passed, forcing towns to appoint sanitary inspectors. Local government became responsible for public health, and eventually Public Health Act 1872 was formed, creating ruin bodies each headed by a Medical Officer of Health.Despite these developments, it took a long time for housing to improve. Back-to-Back housing was still being erected in Leeds and Bradford up until 1937, despite some building regulations and strong calls for their demise.9 In rural areas, especially around the mining towns of Wales, house building was still very hasty without due flush for health, as is evidenced in this report on the area by Merthyr Tydfil If a new quarry is opened in an upland valley 200, 300 or cd houses are built very rapidly, and they inhabited long before they are dry.10 However, some cities, such as Bury and Liverpoo l, forbid the building of back-to-backs in the 1860s.To sum up, the problem of overcrowding in urban and industrial Britain in the 19th century was one that was not widely recognised by the authorities in the early part of the century. Housing was created to accommodate vast numbers of industrial workers who flooded into the cities, and the speed at which they were built meant that little care was taken to provide adequate drainage and disposal of sewerage. Reformers such as Chadwick saw that there was a distinct connection between overcrowding and mortality rates, but it was not until scientific and medical advances proved that germs and bacteria carried by dirty water supplies caused diseases such as cholera that the government took any adequate action.The main sources I have used for this essay are Taylor, Best and Briggs. Taylor does not provide the highest academic level of text, but his lay down chapters separated into different economic and social subjects, and his use of pr imary sources provides efficacious factual information. Best is one of the recognised authorities on Victorian Britain and he provides a tiny account of life in mid(prenominal) Victorian England. Briggs is also highly regarded as an expert in this field, and his detailed historical research provides a good, detailed overview of specific British cities during this period.BibliographyBest, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75, Fontana Press, 1990Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, Penguin, 1990Taylor, David, get the hang Economic and Social History, Macmillan, 1988Wilson, A. N., The Victorians, Arrow, 20031Footnotes1 Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain 1851-75, Fontana Press, p.242 Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities, Penguin, p.893 ibid, p.924 quoted in Briggs, A, p.3465 Taylor, David, Mastering Economic and Social History, Macmillan, p.3036 ibid, p.307-87 Taylor, D., p.3108 ibid, pp.319-209 Briggs, A., p.15610 quoted in Best, G., p.39

Thursday, March 28, 2019

The Age of Exploration Essay -- essays research papers

The desire to explore the un slamn has been a driving force in human history since the dawn of time. From the earliest documented accounts, ancient civilizations have explored the world around them. Early adventures were move by religious beliefs, a desire for conquest, the need for trade, and an unsatisfying crave for amber. The great Age of Exploration, beginning in the late 1400s, was an important while in the disc all overy and development of lands yet unknown to the Europeans. During this period, Europe sought-after(a) new sea routes to Asia in pursuit of economic gain, increased glory, and opportunities to crack Christianity. Although these were motivations for explorers, the impact from the discoveries resulted in significant changes and achievements that created possibilities and opened a window to a new world for all of Europe. If were not for the superpowers of Spain, Portugal, England, France, and the Netherlands, the world as we know it would not exist.Leading the w ay in the exploration of the world was the state of Spain with a man named Christopher capital of Ohio. Originally intending to find an eastwardly trade route to Asia, Columbus accidently discovered the Americas instead. When word of this New World reached Europe, it virtually started race surrounded by the Nations there to claim there own piece of it. Spain continued their exploration there and rapidly claimed many resources and lands, only if one thing was impeding them. The native Populations of the New World were getting in their way. They soon initiated a campaign of dustatic anhilation of the Natives. Conquistadors soon flocked from Spain to rid the world of these savages. Soon, Hernan Cortez had conquered Mexico and the Aztecs, while Francisco Pizarro conquered Peru and the Incans. The Spanish armory was far greater then that of the Indians, but these explorers had another heavy weapon far more superior. The weapon they had was known as disease, which included the less ened Pox and measles. Their prize for accomplishing their goal was the vast wealth of the societies and the large quantities of gold and silver that their lands held. They also aquired slaves to work in the plantations and settlements they were starting. In the end, Spain had control over lands in Northern, Central, and Southern America, as well as the Philippines.Parallel to Spain, ... ...ged. The slow differences between the two were almost unnoticeable and were often overlooked. Their Caribbean strongholds did stay single-handed though, and the Dutch joined in the slave trade to promote the net cane trade.The Age of Exploration was not only an era of exploration, but also an era of vast change. The fierce competition present at this time brought about a new form of economy called the moneymaking(a) System. The Mercantile System was an economic system based on set governmental regulations of a nations economy. The goals of such a system were to increase unity, power, wealth, and self-sufficiency through the accumulation of bullion, the favorable balance of trade, the introduction of trade monopolies, the development of agriculture and manufacturing methods, and finally, the colonizing of other lands. Making all of these accomplishments possible, though, was the publicity of technology, religious philosophy, and individuality do to the enlightenment in the 15th and sixteenth centuries. The possibilities were endless, and with these aspirations in mind, the nations of Europe set sail to conquer the world.

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Common Sense :: essays research papers

The Declaration of IndependenceAnd the work of Thomas Paine Common virtuosoThe pamphlet Common Sense, made by Thomas Paine, was invaluable to intercommunicate the people of how they owed no loyalty to Britain. I am also a strong believer that this document indirectly helped lead to one of the line parts leading to the American Revolution, The Declaration of Independence. Thomas Paine had failed in other(a) lines of work as a corseter, seaman, and tax officer. He then met genus Benzoin Franklin who helped him immigrate to Philadelphia, where his journalism cargoner began. He wrote the pamphlet Common Sense, which was a very strong defense of American Independence from Britain. Without his passionate, convincing speech communication we may never have had as many colonists with a flag-waving(prenominal) state of mind.Im sad to say that after this great(p) contribution to his country he returned to England, engaging in other mishaps. He was incarcerated for not endorsing the exec ution of King Louis XVI. While in jail he became an atheist and wrote The Age of Reason which became the first section of the deist-atheist text. At least he helped influenced the American Revolution, and thats what I think we should remember him by. As for the Declaration of Independence, I believe that his words influenced the representatives of the states, as well as the average American. On July 4th 1776 the thirteen states unanimously passed the Declaration of Independence, which was written by Thomas Jefferson. He was chosen because of his well-known skill of readable writing. It was not that the ideas shown of the document those of his own, but the shared ideas of many representatives, who would later on proof-check Thomas work to make sure no crucial ideas were left hand out.In the Declaration of Independence rights that still exist today are first installed.

The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant Essay -- Guy Maupassant Necklace Ess

The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant?The Necklace?The theme of Guy de Maupassant story ?The Necklace? seems to be suggestedby the line, ?What would have happened if Mathilde had not lost the necklace. Mathilde Loisel grew up in leanness and had no expectations in life. When she got married, her and her husband would sit around the dinner table and imagine they were eating a luxurious meal. They would imagine using showy silverware and eating their meal on marvelous plates. Together, they had nothing. Mathilde had no clothes, no jewels, and just one friend. One day her husband came home from work and pass on her an invitation they had received to attend a ball. Her husband thought that she would be ardent about it, however she busted out in tears. She wanted to attend, even so she had no dress to wear. After digging in to money they had been hard to saved, Mathilde purchased a dress for the ball. As the ball drew near, Mathilde decided she restrained needed something m ore to finish off the dress they had just worn-out(a) ...

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Literary Analysis Essay -- Essays Papers

Literary Analysis In James Joyces Dubliners, Joyce writes most difficulties and hardships of the Irish state during the 19th century. In the stories The Sisters and The Dead, the separation of an individual from the stand-in of society is portrayed by umteen occurrences of eyes and visions. There argon many examples that run though emerge these stories that can be interpreted. some(a) of these examples can range from being on a symbolic take to an emotional level within the tempers. In The Sisters, there are many emotional changes that are a result of visions through certain objects. subsequently the little boy in The Sisters get words the flowers in the store, he goes through a rollercoaster of emotions (3-4). He begins to realize how his feelings are different from all of the other people rough the death of the priest. The boy feels a sense of liberation overdue to the death of the priest (4). He is upset and annoyed by this and does non k now what to do with this emotion. Being put through the death of his cave in friend the priest, he would change his view on life. He started out in the beginning of the book as just a usual boy, but towards the end he took a new perspective on everything. During the story The Dead, the vision Gabriel has at the end of the story makes him go through an emotional change. In the story, after the main character Gabriel learns about his wifes past love (221-222), he looks out the window and stares at the snow for a little bit and then starts to cry. His emotions have taken over him as he is now thinking differently about everything he had every thought of. The previous feeling of how lovely his wife is and how he was looking forward to being with her... ...ead, Gabriel questions many things including himself. After comprehend his wife explain her sadness about her past, Gabriel looks out the window to see the dark snowy night. He questions his own role as a hu sband to his wife. He questions his role in society also. He does not have any answers for these questions. So he then goes to bed as his soul fades away. All of these examples show the separation of an individual from the rest of society. Joyce words stories so salutary that the separation can be shown through simplex visions throughout the stories in Dubliners. To recognize these themes in the stories gives the reader a better understanding of what is going on. They can actually connect with what the main character is feeling or at least have an idea of what is unfolding. These themes convey the sad truth to us in a beautiful well written manner.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay -- Essays on Anxiety Disorder

Obsessive unequivocal unhealthiness is a disorder that many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) good deal last of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated rinseing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even off cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive affection (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I provide describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the set up of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to go up that while medication doesnt cure OCD, it vastly improves ones quality of life. Furthermore I in decennaryd to show that behavior therapy (cognitive establish therapy) is another useful tool in helping a mortal to overcome their OCD.According to the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder foundation (www.ocfoundation.org), OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing. They compare OCD to a brain hiccup the brain gets s tuck on a certain ideal and cannot move forward. The brain is incapable of dealing with thoughts of worry or doubt. This causes many side effects that can clearly distinguish a mortal as OCD. The text book for Dr. Steinbergs Brain and Behavior fork (that I took last year)spells it out a little clearer. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) consists of two behaviors that occur in the same psyche, obsessions and compulsions. (Garrett, 387)Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a form of an anxiety disorder. The WHO classifies OCD as one of the top ten most disabling illnesses. (The Practitioner, 1) The most well known side effects of OCD is the repeated washing of ones hands. However, there is more to this compulsive hand washing then meets the eye. While it could technically be sort as a need to feel cleansed, it is actually more of a fear of germs or other impurities. The cleansing will proceed until the person is satisfied, which in some cases is never. This is the reason a person wi th OCD will wash their hands repeatedly. People with OCD also are known to have a fear of unlucky numbers or words, illness or blemish (which relates back to the hand washing), uncertainty, thinking bad or harmful thoughts against someone, goal symmetry, and many other issues, which to a non OCD person, seem almost miniscule. How is it possible for people to get OCD? I... ...BBC Interactive (BBCi) Science and NatureHuman Body and Mind, retrieved April 5th, 2004 from http//www.bbc.co.uk/ acquisition/humanbody/mind/articles/disorders/gallery/gallery_case4.shtml?disorder=4&submit.x=5&submit.y=10(7)Nangle, Douglas W., OGrady, April C., Sallinen, Bethany J., Successful Medication Withdrawal Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for a Preadolescent with OCD. ledger of Academic Child Adolescence Psychiatry, 4311, 1441-1444. November 2004. (8)Multiple Authors, Fluoxetine in Children and Adolescents with OCD A Placebo Controlled Trial. Journal of Academic Child Adolescence Psychiatry, 4112, 1431-1438. December 2002.(9)Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins, American academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry., Retrieved April 2005.(10)Barrett, Paula, Healy-Farrell, Lara, March, John. Cognitive-Behavioral Family treatment of Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder A controlled Trial. Journal of Academic Child Adolescence Psychiatry, 431, 46-62. January 2004(11)The Practitioner, 181-183, March 2002.

Monday, March 25, 2019

HealthCare Bottleneck Relief Essay -- essays research papers

Many health-care industry bottlenecks can be eliminated, resulting in major improvements in efficiency, cost savings and patient care when hospitals borrow principles from output lines on the factory floor, according to researchers in the School of Engineering and employ Sciences at the University at Buffalo.At UBs Center of Excellence for Global attempt Management, Li Lin, Ph.D., professor of industrial engineering, and his colleagues apply industrial-engineering tools, including Six Sigma and other hunt down enterprise methodologies origin ally developed for manufacturing processes, to improve the operations and competitiveness of hospitals.In todays competitive environment, especially with the severe shortage of skilled nurses, the pressure on streamlining hospital operations continues to increase, said Lin. Health-care managers are seeking new perspectives and original ways to manage their business. We can engineer medical services with change cost, quality and efficiency. Lin and his colleagues use animated computer simulations that are based on statistical analyses -- routinely used to model the flow of parts through with(predicate) complex manufacturing processes -- to uncover the bottlenecks or potential problem areas in health-care facilities.What do cars on highways, manufactured parts in a factory and patients in a hospital have in common? he asks. They all move. We use computer simulations to analyze how patients flow through hospitals, while ensuring that th...

Confucius :: essays research papers

Confucius and Lao TzuConfucius and Lao Tzu were two highly known scholars in antediluvian patriarch China. These scholars with their intellectual writings changed the take ins of the Chinese people. Confucius believed in the moral values and filial piety, he also wanted civic obedience. Lao Tzu was a undercover writer, his comparison between a "perfect public" and the "real world" made people think to act as loving and condole with peoples. (Expand on what they thought ab divulge)Confucius was brought to the world sometime in 551 BCE in the evince of Lu. Confucius was born to the parent Kung Chiu, and his father died when he was only 3 age old, leaving his family to a life of poverty. Even though poor, Confucius was given up a fine education. Then at the age of 19, he matrimonial and had a son and two daughters, but after two years of marriage he was stricken with poverty once again. With poverty impinging again he was forced into menial labors for the chi ef of the district in which he lived. When his mother died in 527 BCE he mourned for a long limit of time. After this stage of his life he began a new manner of life as a teacher, traveling from place to place with a sm any group of disciples preaching. His teachings of Chinese ideals and customs soon spread all through forbidden Lu. In his speeches he also taught the people gathered his view of filial piety and his views of moral values. Then at the age of cardinal he was appointed as the minister of crime of Lu. This administration was rattling successful, and Confucius made Lu very powerful and free from crime. Confucius never wrote his teachings out on paper himself, however they were passed tweak through his disciples and later wrote out in text form in a document called "Lun Yu."(Encarta 98, "Confucius)Lao Tzu was born sometime around 570 in the province of Henan and there he was a court librarian. Lao Tzu was not his real name this name was given to him as an honorific title meaning "Old Master." Lao Tzu spoke to groups of people, about life the way he thought it should be, which was a natural way of life with goodness, serenity, and respect. He did not lay down any code of law of behavior he believed that conduct came from instincts. He also believed that human life as well as everything else was influenced by outside forces, and simplicity was the key to truth and freedom.

Sunday, March 24, 2019

Far From the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy :: Thomas Hardy

Far From the Madding Crowd is considered the first no. bad(p) story of Thomas intrepid. Marg atomic number 18t Drabble, editor and bracingist, cites the young as the first of Thomas Hardys great novels, and the first to sound the tragic note for which his fiction is best remembered (Hardy xiii). Hardy was born in 1840 and began life as an architect. He wrote his first novel, The inadequate Man and the Lady, in 1867. It was not received well. Four geezerhood ulterior he wrote three more novels, two anonymously and one presence his name they were received slightly better then the first. His popularity and fame did not point until the release of his fifth novel, Far From the Madding Crowd. This novel launched him into the public eye and helped him to plump the amazing writer and creator of the Wessex novels, as we know him today. The major bit point in Hardys life was the reception of his novel, Jude the Obscure. Because of the major conflict concerning the record and its readers, Hardy swore to never write fiction again. Approximately thirty years later, after writing some poetry and short stories, Hardy dies and is buried next to Dickens in Westminster Abbey. His heart is buried in the Wessex countryside in the parish churchyard at Stinsford.Far From the Madding Crowd is the first of Hardys notorious Wessex novels. The important characters in the novel are Bathsheba Everdene, Gabriel Oak, Sergeant Troy and Farmer Boldwood. The novel begins with Oak and Everdene being introduced and Oak asking for Everdenes hand in marriage. She, of course, says no. After Oaks sheep are killed in a freak accident, he mustiness venture out and look for new work and winds up on Everdenes farm in Weatherby where he becomes head shepherd. Everdene continues to flirt with Oak and besides with the neighboring landowner, Boldwood, whom ends up proposing to her as well. Again, her reply is, no. Finally we are introduced to the young Sergeant Troy, who also asks for Baths hebas hand in marriage and this clipping we are shocked to find out the her reply was, yes Towards the end of the novel we find out that Troy has also seduced and impregnated a young dairymaid who has died in childbirth. Boldwood goes crazy and kills Troy because of his passion for Bathsheba and her refusal of him, and Bathsheba ends up betrothed to Oak.

Xmas Gift :: essays research papers

Christmas GiftIt was the vacation season, and Christmas was fast approaching. With the twenty-fifth only a few days absent there was no more time for procrastination. I decided to go to the mall in an attempt to grapple all the Christmas denounce atping at once. While wandering around the uniquely decorated mall, I discover a particular store that caught my attention. Pausing for a moment to stare into the windowpane of the shop I came across the perfect gift for my father. Stepping inside I asked the shop keeper what the price would be if I purchased item on display in the window. The shop keeper, speaking with a thick Russian accent said For you my boy the item is free. Being Christmas, I did non want to press my good fortune, so I left the shop quickly as possible. As I got a farther remote I could hear the shop clerk laughing manically. Hesitating for a moment I thought to myself perhaps the old Russian shop keeper was insane, or rather that the holiday season was getting to him. I did not give this matter of a free present other thought. Besides I had more shopping to do, so I braved the let loose kids, irritated parents and an assortment of mall rats to get the rest of the shopping done. I did the holiday gift buying in an hour or less. decision making that my trip to the mall was over, I set off for home. When I arrived at home I ran straight to my room and found the wrapping composition and ribbons inside a huge bag. Realizing I needed tape to complete the task , I went looking for the remnants of the scotch tape I had thrown into the depths of the enormous bag the night before when I had helped wrap my mothers gifts to the family. As soon as I found it I went to work on the job of wrapping the gift. The gift wrapping took a while and some(prenominal) attempts to wrap the object since it was so oddly shaped. When I had finished, the present resembled a clump of wrapping paper more so than an actual Christmas gift. I was very proud of mysel f since my father would never be able to suppose the contents of the box now. I stashed the gift away under our channelise and left it there for what seemed like ages, although it was in reality only a couple of days.

Saturday, March 23, 2019

Critical Analysis of Jimmy Choo Shoes ad :: essays research papers

In todays society, we are bombarded with images telling us how to dress, think, act, and behave. As Ed Norton in the movie Fight Club says while tone at a Calvin Klein underwear ad, is that how real men are mantic to pick up? I decided to search for an ad that can be seen as controversial or even disturbing at that, and I was lucky enough to come across a Jimmy Choo ad in W magazine.The message is clearbuy these billet. Whether or non that message is being conveyed in the most appropriate or strong ways is less to be desired for. The office are non even in the center of the picture, and in my opinion, the shoes are not the main focal point in the ad. Instead, the focus is on a woman leaning backwards on some sort of circuit card with a very skimpy bikini bottom and loose top. She is property a purse and has on several large bracelets, and is spraying a hose of some sort. But even all of these images are not the most disturbing. The womans facial expression is startling. She is looking upwards and more importantly, she looks as if shes watching something terrible happen and is each scared or in danger.Perhaps the message is move to say, look sexy like this woman and buy our shoes. What does sexy really hatch? Whos to say that a woman maybe one degree centigrade pounds heavier in a simple evening dress cannot wear those shoes and still be as sexy? What makes this vulnerable woman so appealing and desirable in this advertisement?What really is this ad trying to sell? Shoes are a dime a dozen. I went to the mall the other day and went into 8 different shoe stores alone. seemingly on that point is something special about Jimmy Choo shoes. Is this company really bind to sell you the shoes, or trying to sell you the name? I retire watching an interview with genus Paris Hilton, and she said that she loved Jimmy Choo shoes and that she has x (some large number) pairs of them. Since we are such a media-based culture, if we hear Paris Hilton wears Jimmy Choo shoes, then they must be great With such a high price, how can the middle class person even render a pair? With all of these things taken into consideration, its clear that there is an elite group of people this ad is designed for.

Dune :: essays research papers

Dune     The book Dune has a science-fiction story line that associates two studythemes frequently in the book. The surname and the setting of the book are usedto establish the bleakness and isolation of the artificial satellite Arrakis. The plot andresolution bring together the multiple factions including the emperor butterfly and thetwo major houses for laterality of the spice production.The title of the book Dune, plays a major part of the story. The orbiter ofArrakis where most of the novel takes place, is a desolate, set-apart spot in theuniverse which isnt valuable for anything, but the spice. The hoi polloi on theplanet have it hard because of the gigantic spinal column dunes and the indigenous sandworms which live under the sand. The planet has no source of water on it exceptthat of underground, which is very hard to come by. As you can see, " wet isprecious there." (pg. 30)The plot of this science-fiction story deals almost entirely of the twomajor houses that at this time are sworn to destroy each separate and the emperor.The two major houses want control of the spice on the planet of Arrakis whichallows anyone who has it to fold space. Folding space means traveling anywherein the universe without actually having to move. The House of Attreides getsdestroyed by the House of Harkonnens in the fight over the spice. But on theplanet of Arrakis, the local people of that world known as Fremen had had aprophecy that one daylight a savior would come and make peace where there was fight onthe planet of Arrakis. The dukes son of the House of Attreides escaped duringthe fight for the planet and crashed landed on the dunes where the Fremen lived.The dukes son, Paul, became their leader because of his great knowledge. Helearned to control the giant sand worms and use them to his own advantage. TheFremen were determined to get resign of all the Harkonnens that ruled the world for