Motorolas Tools And Techniques Of Tqm Information Technology Essay

Motorolas Tools And Techniques Of Tqm Information Technology EssayThis explore piece is made about Motorola Inc. America, and describes how Motorola started its operation like an ordinary firm and reached to the zenith of righteousness by resurrecting and implementing new step control techniques. sixsome Sigma (6) is the runion technique of nonstop puzzle oution program of TQM which was initial highly-developed and utilize by Motorola inc. Further much, it tells about how and why firm ought to adopt the six Sigma (6) techniques for their victory. The entropy integrated in this research is exclusively presented by the serving of various informative sources. Other than focusing the sextette Sigma (6) program the research in any case tells about why and how the organizations continuously strive to capture largest market place sh ar in tight completive environment by using opposite tools of total fictitious character circumspection. Over in all the research embed s the importance of total quality management, its signifi dopece to gain a competitive edge and remarkable breakthroughs in the history of organizations.Motorola is a well cognize Ameri potty multinational telecom companion establish in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is the manufacturer of radio receiver teleph unmatchable handsets, and also designs and sells wireless ne dickensrk infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmitting base stations and signal amplifiers. They have happen upond a high exact of victor throughout the world by being innovative and promoting fictiveness among their employees. This companys prosperity is dependent upon developing cutting edge technology and in new product design. To accomplish these goals, Motorola actively encourages employees to generate creative ideas, scrap conventional thinking, and look towards the future. Motorolas home and broadcast network products include set-top boxes, digital video rec molds, and network equipment emplo y to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television.Motorola uses TQM techniques to be successful and improve employee creativity deep down the organization. Some of these methods include employee empowerment and risk taking, training and education techniques, participative management, and team collaboration. The innovation of TQM technique is one of the fundamental stand of Motorola Inc.Motorolas crinkle and government guests consist mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems utilize to build private networks and earth precaution communications systems like Astro and Dimetra. Motorolas handset division is now focusing on smartphones using Googles open-source Android mobile operating system.Motorola Vision accountOur history is rich. Our future is dynamic. We be Motorola and the spirit of invention is what drives us.Motorola Mission avouchmentWe ar a global communications leader powered by a passion to invent and an unceasing dedicatio n to advance the right smart the world connects. Our communication solutions allow people, businesses and governments to be more connected and more mobile.Motorola SloganHello MotoMotorola has a successfully working TQM deal. Motorolas fundamental bearing is Total Customer Satisfaction. They have won the Baldrige award and ar incorporated leaders in TQM.HISTORYMotorola started in Chicago, Illinois as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928 with its first product being a battery eliminator. The name Motorola was adoptive in 1930, and the word has been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders capital of Minnesota Galvin and Joseph Galvin came up with the name Motorola when the company started manufacturing car radios in 1930 the name is a combination of motor and the suffix ola.Many of Motorolas overlaps have been radio-related, starting with a battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world in 1940, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile phone manufacturing. In 1943, Motorola went public and in 1947, the name changed to its present name. The present logo was introduced in 1955. In 1952, Motorola opened its first international subsidiary in Toronto, Canada to produce radios and televisions. In 1953, Motorola established the Motorola Foundation to support leading universities in the United States.In 1955, years after Motorola started its research and development laboratory in Phoenix, genus Arizona to research new solid-state technology, Motorola introduced the worlds first commercial high-power germanium-based transistor. ancestry in 1958 with Explorer 1, Motorola provided radio equipment for most NASA space-flights for decades including during the 1969 moon landing. In 1960, Motorola introduced the worlds first large-screen (19-inch), transistorized, cordless portable television. In 1963, Motorola, which had very successfully begun making televisions in 1947 introduced the worlds first truly re ctangular color TV picture render which quickly became the industry pattern.In 1974, Motorola sold its television business to the Japan-based stir company of Panasonic.In 1976, Motorola moved to its present headquarters in Schaumburg.In September 1983, the firm made history when the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X telephone, the worlds first-only commercial cellular device. By 1998, cell phones accounted for two-thirds of Motorolas gross revenue. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. Motorola has been the main supplier for the microprocessors used in Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Color Computer, and Apple Macintosh personal computers. The PowerPC family was developed with IBM and in a partnership with Apple (know as the AIM alliance). Motorola also has a diverse line of communication products, including satellite systems, digital cable boxes and modems.In 1986, Motorola invented the sise Sigma (6) quality improvemen t process. This became a global standard, in 1990. In June 2000, Motorola and Cisco supplied the worlds first commercial GPRS cellular network. In 2002 Motorola introduced the worlds first wireless cable modem gateway which combined a high-speed cable modem router with an Ethernet trade and wireless home gateway. In 2003, Motorola introduced the worlds first handset to combine a Linux operating system and Java technology with full PDA functionality.MOTOROLAS sextette SIGMA PROGRAMMotorola invented the sextet Sigma (6) quality improvement process in 1986 and in 1988, Motorola Corp. became one of the first companies to receive the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The award strives to come out thoseexcellent firms that are worthy role models for other businesses. One of Motorolas innovations that attracted a great deal of attention was its sextet Sigma (6) program.Motorola Saved $22 trillion from 1986 to 2009, reflecting hundreds of individual successes in all Motorola bus iness areas including gross sales and MarketingProduct designManufacturingCustomer serviceTransactional processesSupply chain management.To quantitatively measuring stick the performances half-dozen Sigma (6) uses statistical analysis. That process raise involve manufacturing, business practices, products, or service. To be defined as Six Sigma (6) means that the process does non produce more than 3.4 reproachs per million opportunities (DPMO) which translates to 99.9997% competency. A Six Sigma (6) take flight is considered anything that can cause customer dissatisfaction, such as being outside of customer specifications. A Six Sigma (6) opportunity is the total number of chances for a imperfection to occur.Six Sigma (6) ConceptThe Six Sigma (6) conception was developed by Motorola in 1986 with the stated goal of improving manufacturing processes and reducing product defects and renewal.Building on earlier quality improvement methods, Six Sigma (6) assumes the followingO ngoing efforts to acquire stable, predictable process results are essential for business successManufacturing and business processes have characteristics that can be measured, collapsed, improved, and controlledSustained quality improvement requires commitment from the entire organizationSix Sigma (6) ImplementationIn order to achieve Six Sigma (6) performance, the causes of manufacturing and business process defects and variation must be set and eliminated. Two Six Sigma (6) sub-methodologies were developed for this purpose DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify).DMAIC is used to improve lively processes that are below specification DMADV is used to develop new processes or products at Six Sigma (6) levels.Borrowing martial arts terminology, a separate innovation of Six Sigma (6) was the creation of a professional quality management hierarchy. This structure works to involve all levels of the organization in the s uccess of Six Sigma (6) projectsExecutive Leadership includes the CEO and other top managementChampions, drawn from upper management, are responsible for Six Sigma (6) writ of execution across the organizationMaster Black Belts, identified by champions or by executive leadership, function as in-house coaches, mentors, and trainers 100% of their time is dedicate to Six Sigma (6) to ensure business and leadership alignmentBlack Belts focus on the application of Six Sigma (6) methodology to specific projects 100% of their time is devoted to Six Sigma (6)Green Belts are involved with Six Sigma (6) implementation on with other job responsibilitiesLean Sigma is a current industry vogue in which a process is made lean through efficiency improvements before Six Sigma (6) is applied to reduce variation.Six Sigma (6) CalculationIn order to numerate Six Sigma (6), the engineers at Motorola set up a surpass to evaluate the quality of a process based on these defect calculations. At the top of the scale is Six Sigma (6), which equates to 3.4 DPMO, or 99.9997% defect-free. In other words, if you have a process running at Six Sigma (6), youve almost eliminated all defects its nearly perfect. Of course, most processes dont run at Six Sigma (6). They run at Five Sigma, Four Sigma or worse. Heres the full scale to bunk an appreciation of the numbers involved. The calculation of a sigma level is based on the number of defects per million opportunities (DPMO). The formula to calculate DPMO isDPMO =If, for example, there are 38 defects, 10,000 units and one defect opportunity/unit, the results would beDPMO 3,800Defects (%) 0.38Yield (%) 99.62 litigate sigma 4.17Motorola and other software have devices several soft wares that easily calculate sigma of a process or activity.The table given below maps the Sigma and %accuracy.SigmaDefects per billion Opportunities (DPMO)% AccuracyOne Sigma691,50030.85%Two Sigma308,50069.15%Three Sigma66,81093.32%Four Sigma6,21099.38%Five Si gma23399.977%Six Sigma (6)3.499.9997%Seven Sigma0.02099.999998%LSL lower sigma levelUSL upper sigma levelSix Sigma (6) BenefitsAchieving measurable and quantifiable financial goals ( speak to reduction/profit increase) with Six Sigma (6) projects sets this methodology isolated from other quality improvement tactics. Financial benefits of potential process improvement projects are used to help prioritize the projects these benefits are then reassessed during the analyze phase of both DMAIC and DMADV and verified in the control phase of DMAIC and the contain phase of DMADV. Closely linking Six Sigma (6) projects to a companys bottom line gives everyone in the organization a stake in the success of these projects. It also helps rank projects that involve critical-to-quality aspects of the process and will provide substantial process improvement. heaps of organizations continue to improve their performance by taking advantage of their Six Sigma (6) process. Since Motorola implement ed its Six Sigma (6) process in 1987, their results have included Sales growth of great than 300 portion. Employee productivity growth of more than 12.3 share per year. Elimination of more than 99.7 percent of in-process defects. Reduction by 84 percent of costs associated with poor quality. Savings of $11 billion in manufacturing costs.By the late 1990s, approximately two-thirds of Fortune 500 companies had started Six Sigma (6) projects as of 2009, Motorola had describe more than $19 billion in savings as a result of Six Sigma (6).In addition to significant financial gain, Six Sigma (6) provides organizations with the methodology and structure to make decisions based on verifiable data and statistical analysis and thereby to achieve measurable quality improvements in manufacturing and business processes. Six Sigma (6) projects are truly a win-win situation as product quality is greatly improved while product defects and variation are reduced, employees are meaningfully involve d in the outcome of the projects, company profitability is measurably increased, and customer loyalty and satisfaction are significantly enhanced.PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT (PDCA)Motorolas PDCA is a task solving process and consist of a invent to describe and analyze the problem, Do, to develop and implement solutions, Check to evaluate the results, and operation to standardize the solution, capitalizing on opportunities.Demings Plan-Do-Check- venture (PDCA) CyclePlan select and analyze the problemDo implement the solutionCheck check the results of the changeAct act to standardize the solution for the long-termPARETO CHARTThe Pareto chart is a very useful tool which Motorola uses to separate the important from the trivia. The chart, first promoted by Dr. Joseph Juran, is named after Italian economist/sociologist Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923). He had the insight to recognize that in the real world a minority of causes lead to the majority of problems. This is known as the Pareto princ iple. Pick a category, and the Pareto principle will usually hold. For example, Motorola has put that all the kinds of problems that can be named are only about 20% of them who produce 80% of the product defects 80% of the cost associated with the defects will be assignable to only about 20% of the total number of defect references occurring. By Examining the elements of this cost it is revealed that once again 80% of the total defect costs spring from only about 20% of the cost elements. A Pareto chart became very handful for Motorola by the discovery of these ratios and has helped in the ground level of the customers on the bases of imperative problems and opportunities.CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAMSMotorola Cause-And-Effect team typically uses a cause-and-effect diagram to identify and isolate causes of a problem. The technique was developed by the late Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a noted Japanese quality expert, so sometimes the diagram is called an Ishikawa diagram.Motorola has develope d the software of cause-and-effect diagram which tells about how internal or external issuing affects the organizational processes. It is the only tool that is not based on statistics. This chart is simply a means of visualizing how the various factors associated with a process affect the processes output.HISTOGRAMHistograms are used by most of the companies including Motorola to chart frequency of occurrence. How frequently does something happen? Any discussion of histograms must begin with an under rest of the two kinds of data commonly associated with processes attributes and variables data. An attribute is something that the output product of the process any has or does not have. An electronic assembly either had wiring errors or it did not. For Example, in a process used in making Motorola galvanizing resistors would use the scale of electrical resistance in ohms another process might use a weight scale, and so on. Variables data are something that results from measurement. EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENTThe history of Motorola reflects that it has strived to ensure continuous improvement and lasting success by following fundamental principles that emphasize change. One principle is known as leadership of renewal, which stresses the need for change to stay ahead of the advancing technology market. Motorola has tried to create a corporate structure that can anticipate and manage change in order to gain a competitive advantage. A key aspect of accomplishing this is to teach managers and lower level employees to take a proactive approach toward change (Winston).Another standard they adhere to is called renewal of leadership. At Motorola it is important that employees have freedom to take risks and utilize creativity. Therefore, Motorola looks for managers who can inspire and empower subordinates rather than inhibit their creative freedom through rigid authority or control. Their renewal of leadership system uses an intricate 360-degree feedback program for all divi sions of the company. This allows every worker to get opinions about their strengths and areas needing improvement from peers, managers, subordinates, and customers. Motorola also has a structure that encourages the rotation of managers from all levels of the organization. This is done to reenergize managers and ensure that problems will continually be looked at from a fresh perspective (Winston).An essential concept the Motorola Corporation advocates to their employees is to think the unthinkable. The tone here is to think differently and find innovative solutions to any type of problem encountered. To encourage this initiative, Motorola passes power on to their employees to make critical decisions and tells them it is very well to make mistakes. Open to new ideas, devoted to nurturing, and encouraging those who question the oldest assumptions and drive the boldest changesthese are enduring characteristics of Motorola (High Performance Working Research Project).Motorola also enc ourages their employees to depict desired performance through rewards and positive reinforcement. Counter-intuitive thinkingthe thought process of standing against the crowd and challenging conventional wisdomis prized, encouraged, and rewarded. In fact, it is the basis on which Motorolas success is founded (Winston). Motorola is very good about giving their employees a high level of autonomy and encouraging independent thinking. This results in a greater adept of confidence and creative freedom while on the job.In order for workers to consistently apply the values that Motorola preaches, they must be properly motivated. Thus, Motorola offers legion(predicate) extrinsic rewards to employees that can make them feel appreciated and motivate them to be successful. The company provides extensive training each year for all employees, cultivation reimbursement for attending school, sports and recreation facilities, and promotions based on achievement rather than advance (Inside Motor ola Benefits). These incentives, along with competitive salaries, can help workers feel a greater sense of commitment and purpose for their jobs. It is also common for people to be more productive and creative when they are valued and feel snug in their surroundings. The preceding examples illustrate why so many employees control Motorola as a first class organization and are loving about their careers.BENCHMARKINGBenchmarking is often applied to such business practices as payroll, payables, customer billing, receivables, information technology, purchasing, and inventory management. Despite the various definitions of benchmarking, the goal is always the same(p) to identify best practices. The benchmarking allowed Motorola to climb the learning curve quickly by benefiting from the experience of other companies. According to Greg Hackett, founder and president of The Hackett Group,you get to purloin the learning curve of others.iUltimately, benchmarking results in more efficient p rocesses which, in turn, can generate substantial cost savings. According to Mark Krueger, managing director of AnswerThink Consulting, cost reductions can range from 15% to 45%.The basic premise screwing benchmarking is that to deliver quality, you need to compare your business against the best in class business and then make changes to your operation so that quality is enhanced.Benchmarking is the process of determining who is the very best, who sets the standard, and what that standard is.JUST-IN-TIME (JIT)Just-in-Time is method of fast response to customers used my Motorola. The Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is, to a large extent, based upon a system of total quality management, as well as strong furiousness upon training and pastime of workers in all phases of manufacturing in Motorolas workshops. JIT is particularly conducive for some areas of manufacturing and operable for other manufacturing control systems too. JIT utilizes a full involvement and method of manufactur ing, accent such aspects as order to delivery, eliminating waste, enforcing problem-solving and continuous improvement, total quality management, jibe processing, purchasing, and others. The essential philosophy behind JIT manufacturing has largely to do with competitive effectiveness.TAGUCHI CONCEPTSPioneered by Dr. Genichi Taguchi whose fundamental thinking was to develop products that hold up to adverse conditions (i.e, Motorola telephones are designed to be dropped because this commonly happens). Motorola apples this quality principle to service, they know that they should architectural plan for the worst when designing our service. When the adverse condition occurs, they should maintain the quality in service.CONCLUSIONTQM is frequently touted as the necessary next step in the evolution of modern business management. In theory, it is often hard to bespeak with the logic of the quality focus advocated by the TQM approach. Unfortunately, TQM initiatives often fail when implem entation begins. The failure of TQM is largely due to the fact that all the philosophical, strategic, and measurement balances of the TQM concept are not adequately addressed. These three dimensions of TQM should be stressed at different levels of the management hierarchy to varying degrees. The responsibility for establishing the philosophical dimension of TQM falls mostly on top management so that the emphasis of quality can be fully integrated into an organizations missions. The essential elements of TQM are then incorporated into strategic decisions for various functions of the organization. Functional management teams within the same organization should be allowed to define quality that is most beguile for their functional areas. Based on the specific functional, working definitions of quality, it is possible to develop a comprehensive quality measurement system capable of capturing the spanking information relating to quality. Data can then be analyzed and aggregated when reported to the upper level management for decision making and continuous improvement.