Differentiation and Curriculum Article

Research Methods Essays

Research Methods Essays Research Methods Essay Research Methods Essay Overview of various research methods When writing a Research Paper it is important to know different research methods. These methods help to gather and systematize the information and data In order to scientifically prove the validity of the work. Further will be explained ways how to collect the data. Research methods are divided In two big blocks: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods are those where results are explained In numbers, whereas qualitative methods define outcomes by what respondents answer. It Is more objective and more open, as results are not described by numbers, but rather as observations. To put both methods differences together: quantitative look more for statistical explanation, but qualitative are more in-depth. 1 Further will be in more detail explained methods that lay under quantitative and qualitative. There are many ways how to collect data for the research. One of them is doing experiments. It usually involves small amount of people who are doing some tests, for example, detecting how fast people read, what affects their reading skills and other objectives. This method is very in-depth and counted as qualitative as the behavior people is investigated in order to conclude some outcomes. One of the minuses of such methods is that it only researches small group of the society and does not give overall overview for all public. 2 Second type of methods is surveys. Surveys are conducted when a researcher wants quickly to gather a big amount of data. They have low cost, wide range of respondents, easy to conduct and systematize the results. Surveys are usually in a written form and they can be transferred to people in various ways- through e-mail, Web pages or questions can be asked in a person or through telephone call. This type also has few flaws- not all participants will answer to all questions, meaning they can skips some parts, it usually has a low return rate of answers and It also cannot present all society. 3 Third type of how to collect data for research Is to conduct a questionnaire. Questionnaire similarly to survey Is a method where Information Is gathered from a big amount of people and It Is analyses quantitatively and systematically. The pluses of such method are: easy and quick to fill In, easy to analyses the data and It Is easy to port the results. In questionnaires It Is Important to keep questions simple as people are usually lazy and not so eager to read long and complicated questions. A very good approach is to ask short answers and multiple choice answers for a quick response. It allows people just to circle the option and rapidly go to the next inquiry. For example, a question: How many hours do you sleep in a night? In a multiple placed a line where to write the number of hours. This shows how simply questions should be made. Moreover, questionnaires should not involve any sensitive topics, only general and common themes. Fourth type of research methods is interviewing people. It is not common to have yes/ no questions in this type, as the aim of it is to collect more in-depth data and have an open discussion with the respondent. Firstly, the interview has to be properly planned. It is relevant to create a pleasant atmosphere for a participant. If interview process will be chaotic and unplanned, researcher will not hear any true answers. For example, when interviewing a director of a bank. Researcher has to set a goal and objectives of the interview- what needs to be found out? Also it is important to come prepared not only with questions, but also materials which record the answers, such as paper, pencils or maybe a recorder. If a researcher wants to record the conversation with an electronic device a permission of the respondent has to be asked prior to the session. One of the drawbacks of recording an interview is that usually people are more thinking what they say and it can happen that half of the answers will be very short and lacking details, when purpose of the interview is getting deep explanation. 5 Fifth type of research method is observation. It can be an observation of a person or of some activity or some model. This method can include when over seeing what people do, what is their behavior, their relationship with others. Observation can also be on some cases or models, or even comparing two or more activities and making conclusions. This is more called analysis and is very detailed in its structure; therefore it is one of the qualitative methods. In conclusion, in this essay were described most popular research method types, which can be used almost by every chosen topic to investigate. Before choosing a epic it is important to consider what kind of data researcher wants to collect- quantitative or qualitative, because method aims differ. Surveys and questionnaires are used to collect quantitative and objective data, whereas interviews, experiments and observations are used to gather qualitative and subjective data. 2) Most suitable research methods for topic Marketing approaches in Real Estate companies in Riga In this research aim will be to explore what are the common marketing strategies which real estate companies utilize in Riga and what they aim at. Methods will be seed on three biggest real estate companies in Riga- Lotion, Arcos and Boer Hausa. Further will be explained most suitable research methods in order to achieve goal to get to know scheme of marketing in capital of Latvia. Impossible to do quantitative research methods. First of all, real estate companies do not present their marketing strategies, where they aim at the public, secondly the aim of research is to explore marketing strategies in depth, and therefore qualitative approaches will be used. Secondly, questionnaire and survey are given to a big amount of people, usually to a public. In this case, the goal is to get to know companies internal marketing strategies not to find out what society thinks about real estate advertising campaigns. Thirdly, quantitative methods would give numerical outcomes, meaning results will be expressed in numbers, whereas in this Research Paper the definitions of marketing strategies have to be explored. Therefore as defined above to reach the target qualitative methods must be used such as interviews and experiments. One of the qualitative approaches, which will be suitable for investigating real estate company marketing strategies, is interviews. This method will help researcher to have an insight into the companies policy and get more detailed view what is going on in the market of Latvia. The interview will be recorded either on recorder device or on the paper, which will help better to describe information in the Research Paper. Interviews will take place in real estate companies in Riga such as Lotion, Arcos, Boer Hausa and other enterprises. Marketing managers will be interviewed. If they will not be available, then discussion will be done with managers who are aware of companies marketing policy. By interviewing managers and professionals in arresting field who work in the companies, researcher will obtain very important and objective information of where these companies aim and how to they reach their target audience. Author will also try to collect information what are the most important target audiences and how to they get to them. It will promote a better understanding of each company policy and methods they use to maintain it. Therefore, main objective of the interview will be to find out what the society groups they focus on and what approaches they use to make them their customers. Second qualitative method will be used after having done the first one. In interview researcher will obtain information where companies publish their information and what parts of society they aim at. After this method, observation, comparison and analysis of these companies will be done. Here will be observed Web sites, magazines, radio and social media- everything where companies post and publish their information. It means that everything where real estate companies place their advertisements will be compared and analyzed through marketing theory.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example What do you learn about the reasons for entrepreneurial success? (60 Marks) To be able to it in a better manner let us define first what is entrepreneurship? After that we will know who is an entrepreneur? Having known, what are personalities of an entrepreneur? Only after understanding may we are in a better position to answer the question: â€Å"What makes Matsushita: The worlds Greatest Entrepreneur?† Wikipedia (2006) defines entrepreneurship as â€Å"the practice of starting new organizations, particularly new businesses generally in response to identified opportunities.† Further it said: â€Å"Entrepreneurship is often a difficult undertaking, as a majority of new businesses fail. Entrepreneurial activities are substantially different depending on the type of organization that is being started. Entrepreneurship may involve creating many job opportunities.† From the definition, we can now easily know the work of an entrepreneur and the necessary characteristics that he must have in order to undertake entrepreneurship. Since entrepreneurship entails succeeding and failing, the element of risk taking becomes as important characteristic of an entrepreneur. To understand more the work of an entrepreneur Wikipedia (2006) quoted several authors either defining or describing the work or characteristics of an entrepreneur as follows: According to Cole (1959), there are four types of entrepreneur: the innovator, the calculating inventor, the over-optimistic promoter, and the organization builder. These types are not related to the personality but to the type of opportunity the entrepreneur faces. There is basis to agree that Matsushita is an entrepreneur from the characteristics learned earlier. Since theory does not mention about entrepreneur being highly educated, there is reason to believe it may be one of them. Matsushita appears to not to be highly educated. He is a visionary (Nanus, 1992) leader and a

Latest effort at transparency just muddies water by Carolyn Pugsley Research Paper

Latest effort at transparency just muddies water by Carolyn Pugsley and Alexandra Module - Research Paper Example The article is written by Carolyn Pugsley and Alexandra Module. The main objective of the article is to state the reforms which are adopted by the federal government of Australia in order to disclose the remunerations of seniors executives of companies. This reform has been adopted by the Australian government with the intention of facilitating better transparency for shareholders with respect to the remuneration structures of senior executives. Moreover, this reform will facilitate management of companies with minimum regulatory pressure (Pugsley & Module, 2012). Accounting Theory (Part B) The appropriate theory for this article will be ‘Legitimacy Theory’. This theory states that the remuneration policy of an organisation is conducted in a legitimated manner in accordance with it the board of directors (BOD) of the organisation is required to justify that the remuneration policy adopted by them are according to the company law and Accounting Standards of Australia. Mor eover, the remuneration of BOD of organisations should be justified to the shareholders as well as society. The remuneration policy of senior executives is required to be revealed in order to ascertain that remunerations are provided in keeping with best practices under the code of corporate governance (AFAANZ, 2010). Analysis (Part C) The legitimacy theory signifies that the remuneration policy adopted by companies is in adherence with rules as well as regulations of the government. This theory also states that the financial and annual reports which are prepared by companies are in accordance with accounting standards and company law. In this similar context, the article depicts that the remuneration policy of senior executives will aid in determining that the remunerations as well as rewards which are acquired by senior executives are according to accounting standards. The theory signifies that the remuneration of senior executives should be revealed in an appropriate manner in an nual reports with the motive of depicting the performance of companies to stakeholders. Moreover, the theory assists in minimising pressure on the management as the audit committee is familiar with the regulations of remuneration policy. The article depicts that the amount of remuneration of the senior executives should be revealed in the financial statements or annual reports of companies which will signify the performance of companies among stakeholders and market segments. Companies are required to adopt appropriate remuneration policies which will be legally enacted. The article also reveals that the remunerations of the senior executive should be disclosed in order to ascertain transparency towards shareholders. Moreover, the disclosure of the remuneration policy will assist companies in better regulatory operations (Crombie, 2010). It has been observed from the article that the government of Australia has formulated policy with regard to the disclosure of remunerations of seni or executive. The policy devised by the government is perceived to be complex for auditors as the remuneration report will comprise three segments which include ‘past pay’, ‘present pay’ as well as ‘future pay’. Furthermore, annual reports of companies with excess or decreased incentives and remunerations will portray ineffective performance of companies. Companies should adopt an effective policy of representing remuneration of senior executive which can be linked with the companies’

Regressionanalysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regressionanalysis - Essay Example 494). The weighted mean was 0.0065, which did not support claims that males are better than females. The gender gap among highest performers fails to account for the differences in majors. According to the variance ratio (VR), the group with greater variance has more people in the tails, where math geniuses are found. Greater male variance is characterized by VR > 1.0 (Hyde et al. 495). Among whites, the ratio is 1.45 for the 95th percentile and 2.06 for the 99th percentile (Hyde et al. 495). For Asian Americans they are 1.09 and 0.91 respectively. The latter shows that in the 99th percentile for Asian Americans, females exhibit higher variance. Authors explain that for a ratio of 2 for the 99th percentile, there should be 67 percent males and 33 percent females. However, they argue that PhD programs in engineering have only 15 percent women, which is not in accordance with the mathematical abilities of women presented here. The gender gap for complex problem solving is nonexistent as well. Level 1 or the ability to recall, Level 2 or the ability to approach a problem and evaluate information, and Level 3 or strategic thinking, were tested. Gender differences were quite small. However, Level 4 or ability to think over periods of time and combine knowledge was not tested. Authors argue that precisely this ability is needed in engineering careers (Hyde et al. 495). Lewin did a remarkable job at dissecting the problem and explaining it to the readers. Lewin spent only one sentence summarizing the test results. Besides explaining the results, Lewin also focused on explaining the implications of prejudices and these results on young girls who, despite their amazing performance, are still discouraged by everyone in majoring in mathematically demanding fields. Lewin also expanded on the research by Hyde et al. arguing about SAT scores and how girls perform worse because more girls take the exam. The

Nasal Surgeries and Procedures Types

Nasal Surgeries and Procedures Types Neurocranial restructuring Neurocranial restructuring is the relaxation of neuro tissues to relieve tension and return the skulls structure to its naturally designed appearance. Neurocranial restructuring has been successfully used for many years to relieve a variety of serious conditions as well as being used as a non invasive alternative to cosmetic therapy. The methods of actually engaging in Neurocranial restructuring vary depending on the nature of the condition to be treated as well as the nature of the individual. Typically the procedure will be enacted by a trained natural doctor (ND) who learns the technique used from one of several pioneering doctors who first began to practice the technique in the mid to late nineties. The default technique is to use endonasal balloon therapy to expand nasal cavities and realign the skulls muscular structure. The benefits of this realignment are said to be improved sensory and neurological function; there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that Neurocranial restructuring can improve or cure conditions as varied as chronic migraines, ADD, depression, bi polar personality disorder, back problems, hearing problems, sinus problems, eye sight issues, arthritis, Anxiety and even conditions such as strokes, seizures and sleep apnoea. Neurocranial restructuring has been a life line given to many individuals suffering from these conditions, granting a relief from symptoms and producing lasting affects in prolonged use with chronic condition sufferers. In addition neurocranial restructuring can realign smaller muscles and tissues to realign the ears, straighten the nose, release wrinkles and tension in the face, heighten cheekbones and produce a better symmetrical appearance. In this way a series of cosmetic surgeries can be avoided and serious surgery and surgical alteration to the nasal and sinus structures of the skull can be avoided. The patient can receive benefits after a series of procedures (the number and time taken being different depending on the procedure employed). Nasal specific A nasal specific is a procedure designed to apply pressure to the nasal cavities within the nose. There are six nasal passages within the nose which are arranged in two vertical lines of three. The purpose of this procedure is to apply pressure to the inside of the nasal passage. By doing this it will expand the nasal passage, expand and open up blood vessels and push out any excess mucus. There are many names used for this procedure though all of them refer to the same basic procedure which can be referred to as a bilateral nasal specific (named due to the practice of utilising the laterally adjacent nasal passages in sequence to maintain symmetry) or nasal specific which refers to just the practice in relation to a specific nasal passage or the opening of nasal passages one after another without special precautions to maintain symmetrical balance of the nasal passages. The results of nasal specific procedures vary as with any procedure of this nature with the issue to be affixed and the patient themselves. Typically the procedure will be enacted once and then repeated as required to maintain or improve benefits. The time period between procedures can vary as a result of this but can range from one to six months. The actual nasal specific procedure uses a finger cot affixed to a blood pressure bulb (sphygmomanometer) which is lubricated before being inserted into the nasal cavities and inflated. The aim of Nasal specific procedures being to free up the nasal cavity by expansion, push out any structures blocking the nasal passage such as excess mucus and also realign some of the soft tissues immediately behind the nasal passage to offer some additional aid (anecdotal evidence of balance, sensory perception and hearing improvement has been noted). Bilateral nasal specific A bilateral nasal specific is a procedure which has been utilised and studied since 1995 and proven to have significant benefits to the health of patients. The procedure is a simple one which begins with the examination of the patient and an inspection of their nasal cavities as well as their medical history. In some cases a blood test and screening may be conducted to ensure perfect health and nothing is present which may complicate the matter. Once preliminary work is done the patient is sat back and asked to breath in and out in a relaxing manner whilst the instruments are prepared. Typically the procedure will involve a finger cot of endonasal balloon affixed to a blood pressure bulb. The finger cot is lubricated prior to insertion. Once the patient he is asked to breathe out and hold while the finger cot is inserted. The Patient then breathes in gently and holds his breath while the practitioner slowly inflates the cot and gently pushes it towards the back of the nasal cavity. At this point in the bilateral nasal specific procedure any mucus or blockages are pushed out and into the back of the throat (mucus discharge through coughing etc. is to be expected). The aim here is to enlarge the blood vessels around the cavity as well as the nasal cavity itself to open up the sinuses. As another health benefit of the bilateral nasal specific procedure the finger cot or balloon is pushed out of the back of the nasal cavity and into the back of the throat very gently by the practitioner. This applies gentle pressure to the Sphenoid bone immediately at the back of the nasal cavities and realigns plates in that area by gentle manipulation. Endonasal Balloon therapy Endonasal balloon therapy refers to an alternative practice to bilateral nasal specific therapy. In this case rather than a finger cot a balloon is used and rather than just one two are used at the same time. The basic procedure is similar but the aim is different in that the nasal cavity is not the sole source of attention but the alteration of the Sphenoid bone is the main aim of the therapy to realign the plates surrounding that bone and alter the structure of the skull. Endonasal balloon therapy is the method utilised when engaging in Neurocranial reconstruction procedures to realign the muscular structure and skeletal plates of the skull. As a procedure it can have many benefits but these are dependent on the degree of repair required and the frequency of procedures; which may need to be repeated between one to six months after the previous procedure to maintain or improve benefits to health. The Endonasal balloon therapy first begins with a preliminary inspection and a proper patient history to ensure the patients eligibility much like other procedures of the nature. Once the patient is ensured to be able to undertake the procedure the practitioner will examine the patient’s plate structure and utilise a deep tissue massage to relax the tissue that will require manipulation. Afterwards the practitioner will ask him to lay back and try to breathe in a relaxing and calm manner while he prepares to enact the procedure. Once ready the practitioner will have the patient breathe out prior to inserting the balloon through the nasal cavity and into the back of the throat. This is repeated with a second balloon on the opposite side of the nasal cavity to the first. The practitioner will then conduct the endonasal balloon procedure by manipulating the sphenoid bone and plate structures using the balloons, inflating them to apply pressure and deflating to decrease pressure while asking the patient to breathe in or out and hold accordingly. Nasal cranial release A nasal cranial release is a method similar and derivative of the bilateral nasal specific, in this procedure the objective is to realign the skulls skeletal plates to a more natural position, relieving many of the tensions and cranial dysfunctions which can cause or be an additional influence on many mental and physical conditions. The method is similar and yet different to both Nasal specific and Endonasal balloon therapy in that it utilises the nasal cavity and uses balloon structures. Its effect is similar yet aims for a different region of the skeletal structure. The procedure lasts three to four seconds, where small balloons are inserted through the nasal cavity and inflated to realign structures at the back of the cavities. The Sphenoid bone is the target yet the method is to utilise multiple balloons at once through the nasal cavities allowing the procedure to be conducted in a short amount of time, requiring repetitions of at least four times over seven to ten days much like Neurocranial restructuring. Nasal Cranial release is mainly involved with the release of tension from the skeletal structure of the skull. To understand this you must first understand that the skull is in fact 22 different moving bones (much like tectonic plates), these bones can move and flex in order to absorb shock and tension in the skull but unfortunately this can mean that tension is stored in areas where it can cause issues. The aim of Neurocranial release therapy is to relieve the tension in these bones and by extension to the bones supporting them, the knock on effect can have surprising results for the rest of the bodys structure, especially in the spine, shoulders and chest. The benefits of this procedure involve the improvement of sinus and sensory capability as well as combating chronic migraines, blurred vision and mental conditions such as depression, hyperactivity and ADD.

P.R FIELD

Remember proper referencing for anything taken from a source of any kind (book or Internet, CD, DVD, anything). Dazzle me with your knowledge. QUESTION 1 Read the short cases below, choose two of the three cases provided, then answer the questions that follow for each case. Ethics case study 1 â€Å"You've recently left a Job as an account supervisor at a public relations agency that specializes in social media and technology clients to go to work in the public relations division of a leading smart phone manufacturer.You learned of the career opportunity a few months after the agency you worked for had failed to win the smart phone company as a client. You were a member of the team that developed and pitched the business and happen to have the agency's entire presentation on a arsenal flash drive. Your new boss asks you to propose strategies and tactics to support the launch of a ground-breaking application. The fastest and easiest thing for you to do is to copy relevant portions of your previous employer's proposal, including key messages for targeted markets, and present It to your new boss.What do you do? † (Cited from APRS Ethics and Standards Case Study Series) Ethics case study 2 has asked you to write a speech for the Chairman of the Board that will be delivered at an International Air Transport Association gathering in Geneva, Switzerland. Your lenient hopes to use the speech as a springboard to open discussion about the subsidiaries many airlines receive from governments in the countries where these carriers are based. Your client's position is that this creates unfair competition and lowers the subsidized airlines' standards of service, safety and security.Your deadline is immediate and you have the worst writer's block you've ever had in your life. Through some random electronic searches, you find the perfect speech on Youth. It was delivered by a member of Panamas National Assembly who opposed the government's generous subsidiaries of the cou ntry's state-owned airline and was ousted with subtitles. You are ready to copy it and present it to your client because it is exactly what you have been directed to write. But you're uncomfortable because you know the speech will not be your own work.The deadline is immediate. What do you do? (Cited from APRS Ethics and Standards Case Study Series) Ethics case study 3 One of the biggest success stories in the technology sector has hired the large international public relations agency you work for to represent its interests in a fierce battle to retain market dominance. Your agency was hired because of its mistreated success in marketing communication and issues management for other technology companies. You were not involved in signing the business, but are excited to be on the account team.You learn that the issue is a larger, better established and even more successful technology company that is developing products to compete head-to-head with your new client. With your expertise in multiplication media, your task is to secure news reports and blobs about how poorly the competitor's products perform and the possible problems that they create because of incompatibility with the most common operating systems. The only basis o have to support allegations that the competitor's products don't work is a few negative online reviews and print media reports.